için en iyi fiyatlar Tıbbi bitki tohumları Seeds Gallery (5)

Bush or Greek Basil Seeds...

€1,95 (SKU: MHS 26)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

MHS 26 (100 S)

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Tarragon Seeds Herb...

€2,25 (SKU: MHS 42)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

MHS 42 (100 S)

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Tıbbi veya baharat bitkisi

Bu ürün en çok satan üründür

Thyme, Garden Thyme Seeds...

€2,25 (SKU: MHS 37)

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Water pepper seeds...

€1,85 (SKU: MHS 34)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<div id="idTab1" class="rte"> Water pepper seeds (Persicaria hydropiper, syn. Polygonum hydropiper) Price for Package of 5 seeds. Water-pepper or water pepper (Persicaria hydropiper, syn. Polygonum hydropiper) is a plant of the family Polygonaceae. It grows in damp places and shallow water. It is a cosmopolitan plant, found in Australia, New Zealand, temperate Asia, Europe, and North America.[1] It has some use as a spice because of its pungent flavour. Description Water pepper is an annual herb with an erect stem growing to a height of 20 to 70 cm (8 to 28 in). The leaves are alternate and almost stalkless. The leaf blades are narrowly ovate and have entire margins fringed by very short hairs. They are tapering with a blunt apex. Each leaf base has stipules which are fused into a stem-enclosing sheath that is loose and fringed at the upper end. The inflorescence is a nodding spike. The perianth of each tiny flower consists of four or five segments, united near its green base and white or pink at the edges. There are six stamens, three fused carpels and three styles. The fruit is a dark brown oval, flattened nut. Active ingredients Water-pepper has several active ingredients. Two bicyclic sesquiterpenoids are present, polygodial (tadeonal, an unsaturated dialdehyde with a drimane backbone) and waburganal, which has been found responsible for the pungent taste (hence its edibility). The plant also contains rutin, a source of the bitter taste impression. The plant contains an essential oil (0.5%) which consists of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids: α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,4-cineol, fenchone, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, trans-β-bergamotene. Carboxylic acids (cinnamic, valeric and caproic acid) and their esters were present in traces. The composition depends strongly on genetic factors. Edibility In Japan this plant's leaves are used as a vegetable - these are from the cultivar, not the wild type which has a far more pungent taste. Wild waterpepper produces oils that cause skin irritation,[4] and the many acids in its tissues, including formic acid, make the plant unpalatable to livestock.[5] Young red sprouts are used as a sashimi garnish, and are known as beni-tade (紅蓼?, red water pepper). Though livestock do not eat the wild type, some insects do, giving rise to the Japanese saying Tade kū mushi mo suki zuki (蓼食う虫も好き好き?, Some insects eat water pepper and like it), which may be translated as “There is no accounting for taste.” or more narrowly “Some prefer nettles.” The seeds of the water-pepper may be added to wasabi. </div>

MHS 34

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Tıbbi veya baharat bitkisi

Soğuğa ve dona dayanıklı bitki

Tohumlar Kış kokusu...

€1,55 (SKU: MHS 55)

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Sırbistan'dan Çeşit

Common Mallow Seeds (Malva...

€1,85 (SKU: MHS 60)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

MHS 60 (20 S)

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Lovage Seeds (Levisticum...

€1,85 (SKU: MHS 106)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2>Lovage Seeds (Levisticum officinale)</h2> <h2>Price for Package of 400+- (1g) seeds.</h2> Lovage (/ˈlʌvɨdʒ/), Levisticum officinale, is a tall perennial plant, the sole species in the genus Levisticum in the family Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae, tribe Apieae. Lovage is an erect, herbaceous, perennial plant growing to 1.8–2.5 m (5.9–8.2 ft) tall, with a basal rosette of leaves and stems with further leaves, the flowers being produced in umbels at the top of the stems. The stems and leaves are shiny glabrous green to yellow-green and smell of lime when crushed. The larger basal leaves are up to 70 cm (28 in) long, tripinnate, with broad triangular to rhomboidal, acutely pointed leaflets with a few marginal teeth; the stem leaves are smaller, and less divided with few leaflets. The flowers are yellow to greenish-yellow, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) diameter, produced in globose umbels up to 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) diameter; flowering is in late spring. The fruit is a dry two-parted schizocarp 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long, mature in autumn. Distribution The exact native range is disputed; some sources cite it as native to much of Europe and southwestern Asia, others from only the eastern Mediterranean region in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, and yet others only to southwestern Asia in Iran and Afghanistan, citing European populations as naturalized. It has been long cultivated in Europe, the leaves being used as an herb, the roots as a vegetable, and the seeds as a spice, especially in southern European cuisine. Properties and uses The leaves can be used in salads, or to make soup or season broths, and the roots can be eaten as a vegetable or grated for use in salads. Its flavor and smell is somewhat similar to celery. The seeds can be used as a spice, similar to fennel seeds. In the UK, an alcoholic lovage cordial is traditionally mixed with brandy in the ratio of 2:1 as a winter drink. In Romania, the leaves are the preferred seasoning for the various local broths, much more so than parsley or dill. The roots, which contain heavy, volatile oil, are used as a mild aquaretic. Lovage root contains furanocoumarins which can lead to photosensitivity. Etymology The name "lovage" is from "love-ache", ache is a medieval name for parsley; this is a folk-etymological corruption of the older French name levesche, from late Latin levisticum, in turn thought to be a corruption of the earlier Latin ligusticum, "of Liguria" (northwest Italy), where the herb was grown extensively.[9] In modern botanical usage, both Latin forms are now used for different (but closely related) genera, with Levisticum for (culinary) lovage, and Ligusticum for Scots lovage, a similar species from northern Europe, and for related species.[4][9] In Germany and the Netherlands, one of the common names of lovage is Maggikraut (German) or Maggiplant (Dutch) because the plant's taste is reminiscent of Maggi soup seasoning[citation needed]; however, the classic German name is Liebstöckel, which is literally translated as "love stick".[10] In Northern Germany, it is sometimes called Beifuss. Italian levistico or sedano di monte, French livèche, Romanian leuştean, Hungarian lestyán, Russian любисток lyubeestok, etc. In Bulgaria, it is known as девесил deveseel. The Czech name is libeček, and the Polish name is lubczyk, both meaning "love herb". The name in Swedish is libbsticka, Norwegian løpstikke. The Croatian name for this plant is ljupčac or vegeta (named after a well-known Croatian meal seasoning similar to Maggi); the Finnish name is liperi or lipstikka, the former meaning "preacher's collar", because in old ages the plant was cultivated in monasteries or in rectories, while the latter is from Swedish, which is the second language spoken in Finland. </body> </html>

MHS 106 (1g)

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White Chia seeds

€1,25 (SKU: VE 66 (1,5g))

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<h2>White Chia seeds</h2> <h2>Price for Package of 1000+ seeds (1,5g).</h2> Chia (/ˈtʃiːə/), is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. The sixteenth-century Codex Mendoza provides evidence that it was cultivated by the Aztec in pre-Columbian times; economic historians have suggested it was as important as maize as a food crop. Ground or whole chia seeds still are used in Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina, Mexico, and Guatemala for nutritious drinks and as a food source. Etymology The word "chia" is derived from the Nahuatl word chian, meaning oily. S. hispanica is one of two plants known as chia, the other being Salvia columbariae, commonly known as golden chia. Description Chia is an annual herb growing up to 1.75 metres (5.7 feet) tall, with opposite leaves that are 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) long and 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) wide. Its flowers are purple or white and are produced in numerous clusters in a spike at the end of each stem.[6] Chia is hardy from USDA Zones 9–12. Many plants cultivated as S. hispanica, in fact, are S. lavandulifolia. Seeds Chia is grown commercially for its seed, a food that is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, since the seeds yield 25–30% extractable oil, including α-linolenic acid. Of total fat, the composition of the oil may be 55% ω-3, 18% ω-6, 6% ω-9, and 10% saturated fat. Typically, chia seeds are small ovals with a diameter of approximately 1 mm (0.039 in). They are mottle-colored with brown, gray, black, and white. The seeds are hydrophilic, absorbing up to 12 times their weight in liquid when soaked. While soaking, the seeds develop a mucilaginous coating that gives chia-based beverages a distinctive gel texture. Chia seed is traditionally consumed in Mexico and the southwestern United States, but is not widely known in Europe. Chia (or chian or chien) has mostly been identified as Salvia hispanica L. Today, chia is grown commercially in its native Mexico, as well as in Bolivia, Argentina, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Australia.[9] New patented varieties of chia have been developed in Kentucky for cultivation in northern latitudes of the United States. Chia seed (tokhm-e-sharbatī, meaning "beverage seed") is used to prepare a sharbat (cold beverage) in Iran. Nutrient content and food uses A 100-gram serving of chia seeds is a rich source of the B vitamins, thiamine, and niacin (54% and 59%, respectively of the daily value (DV), and a good source of the B vitamins riboflavin and folate (14% and 12%, respectively). The same amount of chia seeds is also a rich source of the dietary minerals calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc (more than 20% DV) (table). In 2009, the European Union approved chia seeds as a novel food, allowing chia to be 5% of a bread product's total matter. Chia seeds may be added to other foods as a topping or put into smoothies, breakfast cereals, energy bars, granola bars, yogurt, tortillas, and bread. They also may be made into a gelatin-like substance or consumed raw. The gel may be used to replace as much as 25% of the egg content and oil in cakes while providing other nutrients. Preliminary health research Although preliminary research indicates potential health benefits from consuming chia seeds, this work remains sparse and inconclusive. Drug interactions No evidence to date indicates consuming chia seeds has adverse effects on or interactions with prescription drugs. Cultivation Climate and growing cycle length The growing cycle length for chia varies over cultivation locations and is influenced by elevation. For production sites located in different ecosystems in Bolivia, Argentina, and Ecuador, growing cycles are between 100–150 days in duration. Accordingly, commercial production fields are located in the range of 8–2200 m altitude across a variety of ecosystems ranging from tropical coastal desert, to tropical rain forest, and inter-Andean dry valley. In northwestern Argentina, a time span from planting to harvest of 120–180 days is reported for fields located at elevations of 900–1500 m.  S. hispanica is a short-day flowering plant, indicating its photoperiodic sensitivity and lack of photoperiodic variability in traditional cultivars, has limited commercial use of chia seeds to tropical and subtropical latitudes until 2012. Now, traditional domesticated lines of S. hispanica can be grown in temperate zones at higher latitudes in the United States. In Arizona or Kentucky, seed maturation of traditional chia cultivars is stopped by frost before or after flower set, preventing seed harvesting. Advances in plant breeding during 2012, however, led to development of new early-flowering chia genotypes proving to have higher yields in Kentucky. Seed yield and composition Seed yield varies depending on cultivars, mode of cultivation, and growing conditions by geographic region. For example, commercial fields in Argentina and Colombia vary in yield range from 450 to 1250 kg/ha. A small-scale study with three cultivars grown in the inter-Andean valleys of Ecuador produced yields up to 2300 kg/ha, indicating that favorable growing environment and cultivar interacted to produce such high yields. Genotype has a larger effect on yield than on protein content, oil content, fatty acid composition, or phenolic compounds, whereas high temperature reduces oil content and degree of unsaturation, and raises protein content. Soil, seedbed requirements, and sowing The cultivation of S. hispanica requires light to medium clay or sandy soils. The plant prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soils, but can cope with acid soils and moderate drought. Sown chia seeds need moisture for seedling establishment, while the maturing chia plant does not tolerate wet soils during growth. Traditional cultivation techniques of S. hispanica involve soil preparation by disruption and loosening followed by seed broadcasting. In modern commercial production, a typical sowing rate of 6 kg/ha and row spacing of 0.7–0.8 m usually is applied.

VE 66 (1,5g)

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10.000 Seeds Long White...

€10,00 (SKU: P 123 (20g))

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<h2>10.000 Seeds Long White Smooth Parsnip</h2> <h2>Price for Package about 10,000 (20 g) seeds.</h2> <div>One of the most popular and reliable varieties, producing Long rooted and broad shouldered roots making it suitable for almost all soil types. A high yielder, it has good canker resistance and will deliver lots of fine, medium length, smooth skinned, high quality, fine flavoured parsnips.</div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top"> Sowing Instructions </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Propagation: </td> <td valign="top"> Seeds </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Pretreat: </td> <td valign="top"> 0 </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Stratification: </td> <td valign="top"> 0 </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Sowing Time: </td> <td valign="top"> all year round </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Sowing Depth: </td> <td valign="top"> 3 cm </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Sowing Mix: </td> <td valign="top"> Coir or sowing mix + sand or perlite </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Germination temperature: </td> <td valign="top"> 15-25 ° C </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Location: </td> <td valign="top"> bright + keep constantly moist not wet </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Germination Time: </td> <td valign="top"> up to 3 weeks </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> Watering: </td> <td valign="top"> Water regularly during the growing season </td> </tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> </td> <td valign="top"> Copyright © 2012 Seeds Gallery - Saatgut Galerie - Galerija semena. All Rights Reserved. </td> </tr></tbody></table>

P 123 (20g)

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Soğuğa ve dona dayanıklı bitki

Mürver tohumlar (Sambucus...

€1,75 (SKU: V 102)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<h2 class="">Mürver tohumlar (Sambucus nigra)</h2> <h2>100 tohum paketi için fiyat.</h2> Elderberry ya da mürver meyvesi veya mürver çiçeği olarak bilinen bu bitki, derilere uygulandığında yaralar için iyileştirici olarak yüzyıllardır kullanılmıştır. Soğuk algınlığı ve grip gibi solunum hastalıklarını tedavi etmek için de ağızdan alınır. Bazı kanıtlar, mürver çiçeği veya meyvelerindeki kimyasalların, sinüsler de dahil olmak üzere mukoza zarlarında şişmenin azalmasına yardımcı olabileceğini ve burun tıkanıklığını hafifletebileceğini göstermektedir. Mürver, anti-inflamatuar, antiviral, anti-influenza ve antikanser özelliklere sahip olabilir. Elderberry aynı zamanda antioksidan özelliklere sahip olan ve vücudun hücrelerine zarar vermesini önleyebilecek flavonoidler içerir. Aslında, mürver meyvesi ve çiçeği , toplam flavonol içeriği açısından yaban mersini, kızılcık, goji çilek ve böğürtlenin üstündedir. Bununla birlikte, insanlarda çok az çalışma yapıldı, bu nedenle araştırmacılar Mürverin ne kadar etkili olabileceğini tam olarak bilmiyorlar. Bir çok bitki hakkında yapılan labaratuvar çalışmaları kimyasal ilaçlara nazaran çok kısa tutulmuş ve tüm veriler elde edilmeden sonlandırılmıştır. Bu durumu şahsen bitkilerin kimyasal ilaç sektürüne verdiği korku olarak tanımlıyorum. Çeşitli mürver türleri vardır, ancak Sambucus nigra ya da Avrupalı mürver (siyah mürver de denir) çoğu zaman tıbbi amaçlı kullanılmaktadır. Zehirli olabilen cüce mürverden ( Sambucus ebulus ) kaçının . Mürverin güvenilir bir preparatını kullanın çünkü çiğ veya olgunlaşmamış meyvelerin yanı sıra yapraklar, tohumlar ve kabuklar zehirli siyanürle ilgili bir kimyasal içerir. Bitki Tanımı Avrupalı mürver, güneşli bir yerde ıslak veya kuru topraklarda 10 mt yüksekliğe kadar büyüyen geniş bir çalı veya küçük ağaçtır. Mürver, Avrupa, Afrika ve Asya'nın bazı bölgelerinde yaşıyor, ancak Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde yaygınlaşmıştır. Çiçekler beyaz ve düz şekilde 5-10 cm eninde olabilir. Meyveler ham iiken yeşil olmakla birlikte olgunlaştıkça kırmızıya döner, ve daha da olgunlaştığında siyah renkte olur. Kullanılan Parçalar MEyveleri ve çiçekleri tıbbi olarak kullanılırlar. Çeçekler çay olarak kullanılabilir. Meyvesi kaynatılarak tüketilmelidir zira siyanür benzeri bir kimyasal bulunur. Tıbbi Kullanımlar ve Endikasyonlar Soğuk algınlığı ve grip Elderberry burun tıkanıklığını azaltarak ve muhtemelen daha fazla vücudun terlemesine yardımcı olarak soğuk ve grip belirtilerini tedavi etmeye fayda sağlayabilir. Bir çalışma, standartlaştırılmış bir mürver özütü olan Sambucol kullanarak grip süresini yaklaşık 3 gün kısaltabileceğini göstermiştir. Özellike arupa seyahetlerimde Mürver şurubunun hem gıda olarak hemde evde hazırlanan soğuk algınlığı şurubu olarak kullanıldığına çok defa şahit oldum. Bizim memleketimizde karadeniz boyunca yetişen mürverin hakettiği değeri gördüğünü düşünmüyorum. Muhtemel insanlar zehirli olabiliceğini düşünüyor. Lakin zehirli olmayan tür en yaygın tür. Bir başka ön araştırma, Mürver ekstraktlı bir pastilin (ViraBLOC) semptomların başlamasından itibaren 24 saat içinde alındığında grip belirtilerinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olduğunu bulmuştur. Laboratuarda yapılan bir çalışmada, Mürver meyvesinin şurubunun test tüplerinde H1N1 virüsünü ("domuz gribi") öldürebileceği öne sürülmüş ancak araştırmacılar insanlarda H1N1'e karşı etkili olup olmayacaklarını bilmiyorlar. Bu bile son yıllarda bu bitkiye neden daha fazla önem vermemiz gerektiğinin en büyük göstergelerinden biridir. Bakteriyel Sinüzit (Sinüs Enfeksiyonu) Bir çalışmada, antibiyotik (doksisiklin veya vibramisin) ve bir dekonjestan ile birlikte bakteriyel sinüzit tedavisi için tescilli bir ürün olan Sinupret'in kullanımı incelendi. Kombinasyonu alan insanlar Sinupret'i almayanlara kıyasla daha iyi sonuç verdi. Bununla birlikte, Sinupret, diğer şifalı bitkilerle birlikte Mürver meyvesi de içerdiğinden, sadece mürver meyvesinin böyle bir etki yapacağı veya yapmayacağı konusunda yeterli kanıt yok. Buna rağmen mürver meyvesinin sinüs enfeksiyonu konusunda işe yarayabileceği genel kanıdır. <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

V 102 (100 S)

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Brazilian pepper Seeds

€2,50 (SKU: T 51)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<div id="idTab1" class="rte"> <h2>Brazilian pepper Seeds (Schinus terebinthifolius)</h2> <h2>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</h2> Schinus terebinthifolius is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, that is native to subtropical and tropical South America (southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina and Paraguay). It is found in the following states of Brazil: Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Sergipe. Common names include Brazilian pepper, aroeira, rose pepper, and Christmasberry. Description Brazilian pepper is a sprawling shrub or small tree, with a shallow root system, reaching a height of 7–10 m. The branches can be upright, reclining, or nearly vine-like, all on the same plant. Its plastic morphology allows it to thrive in all kinds of ecosystems: from dunes to swamps, where it grows as a quasi-aquatic plant.[3] The leaves are alternate, 10–22 cm long, pinnately compound with (3–) 5–15 leaflets; the leaflets are roughly oval (lanceolate to elliptical), 3–6 cm long and 2–3.5 cm broad, and have finely toothed margins, an acute to rounded apex and yellowish veins. The leaf rachis between the leaflets is usually (but not invariably) slightly winged. The plant is dioecious, with small white flowers borne profusely in axillary clusters. The fruit is a small red spherical drupe 4–5 mm diameter, carried in dense clusters of hundreds of berries. Cultivation and uses Brazilian pepper is widely grown as an ornamental plant in frost-free regions of South America for its foliage and fruit. It is considered as a melliferous flower. Although it is not a true pepper (Piper), its dried drupes are often sold as pink peppercorns, as are the fruits from the related species Schinus molle (Peruvian peppertree). The seeds can be used as a spice, adding a pepper-like taste to food. They are usually sold in a dry state and have a bright pink color. They are less often sold pickled in brine, where they have a dull, almost green hue. In the United States, it has been introduced to California, Texas, Hawaii, Arizona, Nevada, Louisiana[5] and Florida. Planted originally as an ornamental outside of its native range, Brazilian pepper has become widespread and is considered an invasive species in many subtropical regions with moderate to high rainfall, including parts or all of Australia, the Bahamas, Bermuda, southern China, Cuba, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Malta, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Puerto Rico, Réunion, South Africa, and the United States. In drier areas, such as Israel and southern California, it is also grown but has not generally proved invasive. In California, it is considered invasive in coastal regions by the California Invasive Plant Council (www.cal-ipc.org.) Brazilian pepper is hard to control because it produces basal shoots if the trunk is cut. Trees also produce abundant seeds that are dispersed by birds and ants. It is this same hardiness that makes the tree highly useful for reforestation in its native environment but which enables it to become invasive outside of its natural range. Medicinal Uses Virtually all parts of this tropical tree, including its leaves, bark, fruit, seeds, resin, and oleoresin (or balsam) have been used medicinally by indigenous peoples throughout the tropics. The plant has a very long history of use and appears in ancient religious artifacts and on idols among some of the ancient Chilean Amerindians. Throughout South and Central America, Brazilian peppertree is reported to be an astringent, antibacterial, diuretic, digestive stimulant, tonic, antiviral, and wound healer. In Peru, the sap is used as a mild laxative and a diuretic, and the entire plant is used externally for fractures and as a topical antiseptic. The oleoresin is used externally as a wound healer, to stop bleeding, and for toothaches, and it is taken internally for rheumatism and as a purgative. In South Africa, a leaf tea is used to treat colds, and a leaf decoction is inhaled for colds, hypertension, depression, and irregular heart beat. In the Brazilian Amazon, a bark tea is used as a laxative, and a bark-and-leaf tea is used as a stimulant and antidepressant. In Argentina, a decoction is made with the dried leaves and is taken for menstrual disorders and is also used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and disorders. Brazilian peppertree is still employed in herbal medicine today in many countries. It is used for many conditions in the tropics, including menstrual disorders, bronchitis, gingivitis, gonorrhea, gout, eye infections, rheumatism, sores, swellings, tuberculosis, ulcers, urethritis, urogenital disorders, venereal diseases, warts, and wounds. In Brazilian herbal medicine today, the dried bark and/or leaves are employed for heart problems (hypertension and irregular heart beat), infections of all sorts, menstrual disorders with excessive bleeding, tumors, and general inflammation. A liquid extract or tincture prepared with the bark is used internally as a stimulant, tonic, and astringent, and externally for rheumatism, gout, and syphilis. Toxicity Like many other species in the family Anacardiaceae, Brazilian pepper has an aromatic sap that can cause skin reactions (similar to poison ivy burns) in some sensitive people – although the reaction is usually weaker than that induced by touch of the closely related Lithraea molleoides, known as Brazil as "wild" aroeira (aroeira brava). Conversely, Schinus terebinthifolius is commonly known as "tame" aroeira (aroeira mansa). It is noted in a paper on triterpenes that the ingested fruits have a “paralyzing effect” on birds.[7] The narcotic and toxic effects on birds and other wildlife has also been noted by others, e.g., Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management. The AMA Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants reports that the tripterpenes found in the fruits can result in irritation of the throat, gastroenteritis,diarrhea, and vomiting in man. Like most other members of the Anacardiaceae, Brazilian pepper contains active alkenyl phenols, e.g., urushiol, cardol, which can cause contact dermatitis and inflammation in sensitive individuals. Contact with the “sap” from a cut or bruised tree can result in rash, lesions, oozing sores, severe itching,reddening and swelling (especially of the eyes), and welts. The burning of plant matter releases many airborne irritants and therefore is not an effective means of control. It is said to have a "mace-like" effect upon nearby people and is highly advised against. History "Florida Holly" was introduced to Florida by at latest 1891, probably earlier (Gogue et al. 1974), where it has spread rapidly since about 1940 (Ewel 1986), replacing native plants, like mangroves, with thousands of acres occupied. It is especially adept at colonizing disturbed sites and can grow in both wet and dry conditions. Its growth habit allows it to climb over understory trees and invade mature canopies, forming thickets that choke out most other plants. Legal status The species, including the seed, is legally prohibited from sale, transport, or planting in Florida, according to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Noxious Weed List (F.A.C. 5B-57.007). It is classified as a Category I pest by The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FL EPPC). To keep the plant from spreading into native plant communities and displacing them, local regulations and environmental guidelines require eradication of Brazilian pepper wherever possible. The plant and all parts are also illegal for sale or transfer in Texas. It is a declared weed in several states of Australia. In South Africa it is classified as a Category 1 invader in KwaZulu-Natal province, where any plants are to be removed and destroyed, and a Category 3 invader in all other provinces, meaning it may no longer be planted. Control Two herbicides are approved for use in the United States to exterminate Brazilian pepper: Triclopyr, using the basal bark method; and Glyphosate. Picloram can be used if the stump has been freshly cut, but this is not the preferred nor most effective means of eradication. </div>

T 51

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Tohumlar Aşağılıyıcı kireç...

€3,50 (SKU: V 162)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<h2 class="">Tohumlar Aşağılıyıcı kireç - Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix)</h2> <h2>3 Tohum Paketi için fiyat.</h2> Turunçgiller hystrix denilen kafir kireç , makrut kireç ( ABD : / m æ k r ɪ t / , UK : / m ə k r u t / ) ya da Mauritius papeda , bir olan narenciye özgü tropikal Güneydoğu Asya ve güney Çin . Meyvesi ve yaprakları kullanılır Güneydoğu Asya mutfağı ve esansiyel yağ parfümeride kullanılır. Onun kabuğu ve ezilmiş yaprakları yoğun bir narenciye kokusu yayarlar. <h2>İsimler</h2> Etimoloji adı "kaffir kireç" nin belirsizdir. Olmayan Müslümanlar için Arapça bir kelimedir kafir . Turunçgiller hystrix doğal alanlarda çeşitli isimlerle bilinir: <ul> <li>Jeruk Purut Endonezya</li> <li>Jian Ye Cheng ( 箭叶橙 olarak) Çince</li> <li>kabuyaw veya kulubot şehir Filipinler, içinde Cabuyao içinde Laguna ili meyve almıştır</li> <li>Limau Purut Malezya</li> <li>makrud veya makrut ( มะกรูด Tayland) (aynı zamanda kullanılan bir isim bergamot turuncu )</li> <li>truc veya Chanh kesesi içinde Vietnam'a .</li> <li>Bangladeş'te GondhoRaj Lebu ve Batı Bengal (Hindistan)</li> </ul> <h3>Adlandırma tartışma</h3> Güney Afrika'da, "kafir" bir etnik bir aşağılama olduğunu siyah Afrikalı insanlar için. Sonuç olarak, bazı yazarlar "makrut kireç" den "kaffir kireç", Güney Afrika'da genellikle sadece "Tay kireç" olarak anılacaktır esnada daha az, İngilizce olarak kurulmuş bir isim geçiş lehine. <h2>Açıklama</h2> Narenciye hystrix aromatik ile, 6 ila 35 feet (1.8 metre ve 10.7), uzun bir dikenli çalı farklı bir şekle sahip "çift" yaprak . Bu kum saati şeklinde yaprakları yaprak bıçağı artı düzleştirilmiş, yaprak benzeri bir sap (veya ihtiva sapı ). Meyve kaba ve yeşil olduğunu ve sarıya olgunlaşır; onun engebeli dış ve küçük boyutu, yaklaşık olarak 4 cm genişliğinde (2) ile ayırt edilir. <h2>Kullanımları</h2> <h3>Mutfak</h3> Yapraklar taze bitkinin, kurutuldu, veya dondurulmuş en sık kullanılan bir parçasıdır. Yaprakları yaygın olarak kullanılan Tay ve Lao (gibi yemekler yemeklerinde tom yum ve) Kamboçya mutfağı (baz macun "için krueng "). Yaprakları kullanılan Vietnam mutfağı tavuk yemekleri koku katmak ve salyangoz dumanı tüten zaman keskin koku azaltmak için. Yaprakları kullanılan Endonezya mutfağı (özellikle Bali mutfağı ve Cava mutfağı gibi gıdalar için) Soto ayam ve birlikte kullanılan Endonezya defne yaprağı tavuk ve balık için. Onlar da bulunan Malezyalı ve Burmalı mutfakları. Bu yaygın olarak kullanılan Güney Hint mutfağı . Kabuklu (kabuğu) yaygın Lao ve kullanılan Tai köri , aromatik, büzücü tatlandırıcıların eklenmesi, macun. Kabuğu Combava olarak anılacaktır meyve, kullanılan creole mutfağı lezzet vermek aşılanmış romlar ve rougails içinde Mauritius , Reunion ve Madagaskar . Kamboçya'da, tüm meyve edilir / kristalize şekerli yemek için. <h3>Tıbbi</h3> suyu ve kabuğu rinds bazı Asya ülkelerinde geleneksel tıpta kullanılır; Meyvenin suyu genellikle şampuan kullanılır ve baş bitleri öldürmek için inanılmaktadır. <h3>Diğer kullanımlar</h3> suyu bulur giyim ve saç için bir temizleyici Tayland ve çok nadiren Kamboçya'da olarak kullanmak. meyve dilimleri ile karışık Lustral su Kamboçya'da dini törenlerde kullanılır. Turunçgiller hystrix ev meyve üretimi için bir bahçe çalı gibi uygun iklimlerde dünya çapında yetiştirilir. Bu için uygundur konteyner bahçeleri ve geniş için bahçe tencere üzerinde teraslar , teraslar ve konservatuarlarında. <h2>Temel bileşenler</h2> Karakteristik aroma sorumlu bileşik olarak tespit edilmiştir (-) - ( S ) -citronellal yüzde 80 kadar yaprağı yağı içinde ihtiva edildiği; minör bileşenler içerir sitronellol (yüzde 10), nerol ve limonen . Görünüşünün stereokimyasal açıdan bakıldığında, aşağılıyıcı / makrut kireç yapraklar tek (içermesi dikkat çekicidir S ) stereoizomerini onun oysa sitronelal enantiomeri (- (+) R, a () -citronellal, her iki melisa bulunabilir ve daha az derecede) limon otu, (ancak, sitronellal) sonrakinin uçucu yağ yalnızca bir iz bileşenidir. Aşağılıyıcı / Makrut kireç meyve kabuğu kireç meyve kabuğu yağı ile karşılaştırılabilir bir esans yağı ihtiva eder; ana parçalar limonen ve vardır β-pinen . <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

V 162 (4 S)

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Black Goji Berry - Russian Box Thorn Seeds 1.85 - 3

Siyah Goji Berry Tohumları...

€1,85 (SKU: V 36 B)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<h2>Siyah Goji Berry Tohumları (Lycium ruthenicum murr)</h2> <h2>10 tohum paketi için fiyat.</h2> Rus Kutusu Diken veya Siyah Goji olarak bilinen Lycium ruthenicum Murray, Solanaceae ailesinin önemli bir bitkisidir. L. ruthenicum Orta Asya'ya özgüdür ve Çin'den Afganistan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Moğolistan, Pakistan, Rusya, Tacikistan, Türkmenistan, Özbekistan, Tibet ve Hindistan'a dağıtılmıştır. Hindistan'da L. ruthenicum genellikle deniz seviyesinden yaklaşık 3.700 metre yükseklikte Karakoram (Rus kürk zengini koyun) otlatma alanlarında yetişir. Trans-Himalaya Ladakh'ta (Çin'in ana Himalayalara paralel dağı), Nubra vadisinde, deniz seviyesinden yaklaşık 3.100 metre yükseklikte bulunan Hunder ve Diskit'in kumlu topraklarında yaygın olarak bulunur. Kuraklığa dayanıklıdır ve genellikle tuzlu alkali topraklarda veya kumlu çölde yetişir. Lycium ruthenicum Murray, 20-150 cm yüksekliğinde, çok dikenli bir çalıdır. Sert dalları, genellikle kavisli, beyaz olan birçok dal oluşturur. Yapraklar sert dallarda, 2-6 kümeler halinde, etli, bastırılmış ve şerit, mızrak şeklinde veya silindirik, 5-30 mm uzunluğunda, künt ve yuvarlak formda oluşur. 5-10 mm uzunluğunda, yaprakların tabanının her iki tarafında görünen 1-2 dakika dikenleri ile çiçeklerin sapının hemen etrafında bulunurlar. Çiçekler hermafrodittir (hem erkek hem de kadın organları vardır) ve arılar ve böcekler tarafından döllenirler. Kaliks, 3-4 mm uzunluğunda, 2-4 loblu, dar bir boru şeklindedir. Çiçeklenme huni şeklinde veya 2-3 kat daha büyük loblu, mor renkli ve 1 cm uzunluğunda bir tüptür. Organlarındaki uzunluk eşit değildir. Meyveler küreseldir, koyu mordan tam olgunlaşmaya ve 4-9 mm çapındadır. Tohumlar böbrek şeklinde, kahverengi renktedir. Çiçeklenme zamanı Haziran'dan Ağustos'a kadar değişir, ancak bazen Mayıs ayında da çiçek açabilir. Meyveler Ağustos-Ekim ayları arasında meyve verir. Bitkiler kuraklığa karşı çok dayanıklıdır ve geniş bir kök sistemine sahiptir. Setleri stabilize etmek ve kumlu topraklara dikilebilirler. Bitkiler daha iyi çiçeklenme ve meyve vermek için iyi drene edilmiş, orta kaliteli toprağa ihtiyaç duyar ve zayıf tuzlu topraklarda ve güneşli bir konumda hayatta kalır. L. ruthenicum tohumla, kesimlerle, peletlerin bölünmesiyle ve katabollerle çoğaltılabilir. En iyi ve hızlı bitki örtüsü için, tohumlar erken ilkbaharda bir seraya ekilir ve fideler bireysel saksılara ekilir ve ilk kış boyunca bir serada yetiştirilir. İlkbaharın sonlarında veya yaz başında tarlada ekilirler. Çalı bitki örtüsünü teşvik etmek için genç bitkinin sürgünlerinin uçlarını sıkıştırıyoruz. Yüksek bir çoğalma oranı elde etmek için 5-10 cm yüksekliğinde, soğuk bir çerçevede yarı olgun veya olgun ahşap sürgünleri ile de üretilebilir. Kış mevsiminde sürgünleri bölerek ve kalıcı konumlarına dikerek kolayca çoğalırlar. L. ruthenicum Çin'in Ningxia eyaletinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Sadece Çin'in yılda beş milyon kilogramdan fazla Lycium kurutulmuş meyve ürettiğini bilmek şaşırtıcıdır ve bunların çoğu evde kullanım içindir. Ayrıca taze meyve toplar ve çeşitli içeceklerin üretiminde kullanılan konsantre halde suyu için ezin. Olgun meyveler çiğ yenir veya pişirilir. Sadece tamamen olgunlaşmış meyveler yenmelidir. Hindistan'da Keşmir'de yetiştirilir ve yerli halk tarafından deve körlüğünü tedavi etmek için bir merhem olarak kullanılır. İnsanlarda, olgun meyveler geleneksel olarak kalp hastalığı, anormal adet kanaması ve menopoz tedavisinde kullanılır. Meyveler, birkaç dakika boyunca ılık suya batırılarak infüzyon yapmak için hemen kullanılabilir. Meyveler karotenoidler, proteinler, polisakkaritler, amino asitler, B1, B2 vitaminleri, C vitamini, mineraller, demir, çinko ve selenyum gibi eser elementler, alkalin ve beta-mineraller bakımından zengindir. Diyabet, anemi, görme sorunları, iktidarsızlık, akciğer bozukluklarının tedavisinde kullanılır, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyonlarını artırabilir ve kanseri ve AIDS'i önlemek için bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirebilir. Bu daha az bilinen ancak yüksek değerli tıbbi bitki, geleneksel tıbbi sistemde ve mükemmel bilimsel sertifikasyonda büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yeni biyoaktif bileşenlerinin tanımlanması, bu bitkiden bitkisel preparatların hazırlanması için gereklidir.

V 36 B (10 S)

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Kakao Tohumlar (Theobroma...

€4,00 (SKU: V 86)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2>Kakao Tohumlar (Theobroma cacao)</h2> <h2>2 tohumların Paketi için fiyat.</h2> Resimlerimizden de görebileceğiniz gibi, kakao çeşitlerimiz diğerlerinden daha büyük. Kakao (Theobroma cacao), 4-8 metre boyunda ebegümecigiller (Malvaceae) familyasından çikolata yapımında kullanılan bir bitki türü. Doğal yetişme alanı Güney Amerika, Batı Afrika, Batı Hint adaları olmakla beraber, Tropiklerin genelinde yetiştirilmektedir. Theobromin adlı bir alkaloit eldesinde ve kakao yağı eldesinde kullanıldığı gibi, kakaonun tohumları da çikolata yapımında kullanılmaktadır. Dağılımı Kakao ağacını doğal yetişme alanları And Dağları'nın etekleri ile Amazon ve Orinoco ırmaklarının havzalarının 200–400 m yakınlarındaki yükseltilerdir. Orta Amerika'ya Mayalar tarafından getirildiği sanılmaktadır. Ilık iklimlerde düzenli yağmur alan, verimli topraklarda yetişir. Tarihçe Kakao geleneksel olarak Aztekler tarafından su ve baharatla karıştırılarak, özellikle dinsel ayinlerde kullanılan çikolata yapımında kullanılıyordu. İspanyol istilasından sonra Avrupa'ya getirilen kakao, süt ile karıştırılarak kullanılmaya başlandı ve kısa sürede popüler oldu. Kakao tozu zamanla kakao yağı ile karıştırılarak bugünkü çikolata ortaya çıktı. Günümüzde çikolata ile birlikte kakao tozu ve yağı en faydalı besinlerdendir. Böğürtlen, ahududu, çilek, yabanmersini gibi meyveler ondan sonraki sırada yer alır. Üretim Kakao, dünya çapında 70 bin kilometrekarenin üzerinde bir ekim alanına sahiptir. Üretimin % 40'ını gerçekleştiren Fildişi Sahili'ni, %15'er payları ile Gana ve Endonezya izlemektedir. Diğer kakao üreticileri, küçük miktarlarda olmakla beraber, Brezilya, Nijerya ve Kamerun'dur. Kullanımı Kakao ağacının tohumları ya hemen ya da bir süre sonra mayanlandırılır ve ardından kurutulur. Böylece tohumun acı lezzeti kaybolur ve hoş bir koku meydana gelir. Bu taneler kavurulurak, un haline getirilip yağı alınır. Sonra yeniden öğütülerek, toz halindeki kakao elde edilir. Kakao, sütle karıştırılıp içilir, ayrıca yağı alınmamış kakao tohumlarından çikolata yapılır. <table style="width: 712px;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top" style="width: 708px;"> growing instructions </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Vermehrung: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> Seeds </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Pretreatment: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> soak seeds for 2-3 hours in warm water. </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Stratification: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> 0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Sowing Time: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> all year </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Sowing depth: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> See picture 6 </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Sowing substrate: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> Use high-quality, sterile potting soil </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Sowing temperature: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> +25 - +28°C </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Sowing Location: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> bright + keep constantly moist, not wet </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Germination time: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> 2-4 weeks. </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Note: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> direct Sow onto bed in May. </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> Watering: </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> Water regularly during the growing period </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap" style="width: 172px;"> </td> <td valign="top" style="width: 534px;"> Copyright © 2012 Seeds Gallery - Saatgut Galerie - Galerija semena. All Rights Reserved. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>

V 86

Hızlı Görünüm

Quinoa Seeds Red or White...

€2,00 (SKU: VE 232)

Seeds Gallery EU,

5/ 5

<div class=""rte""><h2>Quinoa Seeds (Chenopodium quinoa)</h2><h2>Price for Package of 700+- (2g) seeds.</h2>Quinoa (/ˈkiːnwɑː/, from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa ) is a species of the goosefoot genus (Chenopodium quinoa), a grain crop grown primarily for its edible seeds. It is a pseudocereal rather than a true cereal, as it is not a member of the true grass family. As a chenopod, quinoa is closely related to species such as beetroots, spinach and tumbleweeds. As a member of the Amaranthaceae family, it is related to and resembles amaranth, which is also a pseudocereal.It is high in protein, and is tolerant of dry soil.Quinoa (the name is derived from the Spanish spelling of the Quechua name kinwa) originated in the Andean region of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile and Colombia, where it was domesticated 3,000 to 4,000 years ago for human consumption, though archaeological evidence shows a non-domesticated association with pastoral herding some 5,200 to 7,000 years ago.Similar Chenopodium species, such as pitseed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri) and fat hen (Chenopodium album), were grown and domesticated in North America as part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex before maize agriculture became popular. Fat hen, which has a widespread distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, produces edible seeds and greens much like quinoa, but in smaller quantities.The nutrient composition is favourable compared with common cereals. Quinoa seeds contain essential amino acids like lysine and acceptable quantities of calcium, phosphorus, and iron.After harvest, the seeds must be processed to remove the coating containing the bitter-tasting saponins. The seeds are in general cooked the same way as rice and can be used in a wide range of dishes. The leaves are eaten as a leaf vegetable, much like amaranth, but commercial availability of quinoa greens is limited.Chenopodium quinoa is a dicotyledonous annual plant usually about 1–2 metres (3.3–6.6 ft) high. It has broad, generally pubescent, powdery, smooth (rarely) to lobed leaves normally arranged alternately. The woody central stem is branched or unbranched depending on the variety and may be green, red or purple. The flowering panicles arise from the top of the plant or from leaf axils along the stem. Each panicle has a central axis from which a secondary axis emerges either with flowers (amaranthiform) or bearing a tertiary axis carrying the flowers (glomeruliform). The green hypogynous flowers have a simple perianth and are generally bisexual and self-fertilizing. The fruits are about 2 millimetres (0.079 in) in diameter and of various colours—from white to red or black, depending on the cultivar.Natural distributionChenopodium quinoa is believed to have been domesticated in the Peruvian Andes from wild or weed populations of the same species. There are non-cultivated quinoa plants (Chenopodium quinoa var. melanospermum) that grow in the area it is cultivated; these may either be related to wild predecessors, or they could be descendants of cultivated plants.Saponin contentIn their natural state, the seeds have a coating of bitter-tasting saponins, making them unpalatable. Most of the grain sold commercially has been processed to remove this coating. This bitterness has beneficial effects during cultivation, as it is unpopular with birds and therefore requires minimal protection. The genetic control of bitterness involves quantitative inheritance; lowering the saponin content through selective breeding to produce sweeter, more palatable varieties is complicated by about 10% cross-pollination.The toxicity category rating of quinoa saponins treats them as mild eye and respiratory irritants and as a low gastrointestinal irritant. The saponin is a toxic glycoside, a main contributor to its hemolytic effects when combined directly with blood cells. In South America, quinoa saponin has many uses, including as a detergent for clothing and washing and as an antiseptic for skin injuries. High levels of oxalic acid are in the leaves and stems of all species of the Chenopodium genus, and are also in the related genera of the Amaranthaceae family. The risks associated with quinoa are minimal, provided it is properly prepared and the leaves are not eaten to excess.Nutritional valueQuinoa was important to the diet of pre-Columbian Andean civilizations. Quinoa grain has been called a superfood, a term which is not in common use by dietitians and nutrition scientists. Protein content is very high for a cereal/pseudo-cereal (14% by mass), but not as high as most beans and legumes. This includes a "low gluten content" that appears to be well tolerated when consumed at normal levels by people with celiac disease. The protein content per 100 calories is higher than brown rice, potatoes, barley and millet, but is less than wild rice and oats. Nutritional evaluations indicate that quinoa is a source of complete protein. Other sources claim its protein is not complete but relatively high in essential amino acids. Other pseudo grains derived from seeds are similar in complete protein levels; buckwheat is 18% protein compared to 14% for Quinoa; Amaranth, a related species to Quinoa, ranges from 12% to 17.5%.Quinoa is a rich source (>20% of the Daily value, DV) of the B vitamins thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and folate and is a rich source of the dietary minerals iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc. Quinoa is also a good source (10-19% of DV) of the B vitamins niacin and pantothenic acid, vitamin E, and the dietary mineral potassium. The pseudo cereal contains a modest amount of calcium, and thus is useful for vegans and those who are lactose intolerant. It is gluten-free and considered easy to digest. Because of these characteristics, it is being considered a possible crop in NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support System for long-duration human occupied space flights.The grain may be germinated in its raw form to boost its nutritional value, provided that the grains are rinsed thoroughly to remove any saponin.[26] It has a notably short germination period: only 2–4 hours in a glass of clean water is enough to make it sprout and release gases, as opposed to 12 hours with wheat. This process, besides its nutritional enhancements, softens the seeds, making them suitable to be added to salads and other cold foods.<h3>Cultivation</h3>The plant's growth is highly variable due to a high complexity of different subspecies, varieties and landraces (domesticated plants or animals adapted to the environment in which they originated). However, in general it is undemanding and altitude-hardy. It is grown from coastal regions to over 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in the Andes near the equator, with most of the cultivars being grown between 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) and 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). Depending on the variety, optimal growing conditions are in cool climates with temperatures that vary between −4 °C (25 °F) during the night to near 35 °C (95 °F) during the day. Some cultivars can withstand lower temperatures without damage. Light frosts normally do not affect the plants at any stage of development, except during flowering. Mid-summer frosts during flowering, often occurring in the Andes, lead to sterilization of the pollen. Rainfall conditions are highly variable between the different cultivars, ranging from 300 to 1,000 millimetres (12 to 39 in) during growing season. Growth is optimal with well-distributed rainfall during early growth and development and dry conditions during seed maturation and harvesting.Quinoa has been cultivated in the United States, primarily in the high elevation San Luis Valley (SLV) of Colorado where it was introduced in 1982. In this high-altitude desert valley, maximum summer temperatures rarely exceed 30 °C (86 °F) and night temperatures are about 7 °C (45 °F). Due to the short growing season, North American cultivation requires short-maturity varieties, typically of Bolivian origin.<h2>Sowing</h2>Quinoa plants do best in sandy, well-drained soils with a low nutrient content, moderate salinity, and a soil pH of 6 to 8.5.The seedbed must be well prepared and drained to avoid waterlogging. In the Andes, the seeds are normally broadcast over the land and raked into the soil. Sometimes it is sown in containers of soil and transplanted later.Cultivation managementYields are maximised when 170 to 200 kg (370 to 440 lb) N/hectare is available.[citation needed] The addition of phosphorus does not improve yield. In eastern North America, it is susceptible to a leaf miner that may reduce crop success and which also affects the common weed and close relative Chenopodium album, but C. album is much more resistant.History and cultureEarly historyQuinoa was first domesticated by Andean peoples around 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. It has been an important staple in the Andean cultures where the plant is indigenous but relatively obscure in the rest of the world. The Incas, who held the crop to be sacred, referred to it as chisaya mama or "mother of all grains", and it was the Inca emperor who would traditionally sow the first seeds of the season using "golden implements". During the Spanish conquest of South America, the colonists scorned it as "food for Indians", and suppressed its cultivation, due to its status within indigenous religious ceremonies. The conquistadors forbade quinoa cultivation for a time and the Incas were forced to grow wheat instead.The grain has become increasingly popular in the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, China and Japan where it is not typically grown, increasing crop value. Between 2006 and early 2013 quinoa crop prices tripled. In 2011, the average price was US$3,115 per ton with some varieties selling as high as $8,000 per ton. This compares with wheat prices of $9 per bushel (about $340 per ton). Since the 1970s, producers’ associations and cooperatives have worked toward greater producer control of the market. The higher prices make it harder for people to purchase, but also brings a livable income for farmers and enables many urban refugees to return to working the land.The popularity of quinoa grain in non-indigenous regions has raised concerns over food security. Due to continued widespread poverty in regions where it is produced and because few other crops are compatible with the soil and climate in these regions, it has been suggested that the inflated price disrupts local access to food supplies. In 2013, The Guardian compared it to asparagus cultivated in Peru, a cash crop criticized for excessive water use, as "feeding our apparently insatiable 365-day-a-year hunger for this luxury vegetable" It has been suggested that, as people rise above subsistence-level income, they choose higher-status Western processed foods. However, anthropologist Pablo Laguna states that farmers are still saving a portion of the quinoa crop for their own use, and that the high prices affect nearby city dwellers more, but consumption in cities has traditionally been lower. According to Laguna, the net benefit of increased revenue for farmers outweighs the costs, saying that it is "very good news for small, indigenous farmers". The transformation from a healthy staple food for farming families and communities into a product that is held to be worth too much to keep for oneself and one's family is an ongoing process. It is seen as a valuable resource that can bring in far greater amounts[clarification needed] of cheap, low nutrient foods such as pasta and rice. It used to be seen as a peasant food that provided farming families with a very important source of nutrition, but now occupies a spectrum from an everyday food of urban Bolivia's middle class to a luxury food in the Peruvian capital of Lima where "it sells at a higher per pound price than chicken, and four times as much as rice". Efforts are being made in some areas to distribute it more widely and ensure that farming and poorer populations have access to it and have an understanding of its nutritional importance. These include incorporating it into free school breakfasts and in government provisions distributed to pregnant and nursing women in need.Kosher controversyQuinoa has become popular in the Jewish community as a substitute for the leavened grains that are forbidden during the Passover holiday. Several kosher certification organizations refuse to certify it as being kosher for Passover, citing reasons including its resemblance to prohibited grains or fear of cross-contamination of the product from nearby fields of prohibited grain or during packaging.In December 2013, the Orthodox Union, the world's largest kosher certification agency, announced it would begin certifying quinoa as kosher for Passover.International Year of QuinoaThe United Nations General Assembly declared 2013 as the "International Year of Quinoa" in recognition of ancestral practices of the Andean people, who have preserved it as food for present and future generations, through knowledge and practices of living in harmony with nature. The objective is to draw the world’s attention to the role that quinoa could play in providing food security, nutrition and poverty eradication, in support of achieving Millennium Development Goals.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is as the Secretariat of the international year. Bolivia has the presidency of the Coordination Committee and Ecuador, Peru and Chile share the vice presidency, with the rapporteurship in the hands of Argentina and France.</div>

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