5/ 5

<h2><strong><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;">MAGNOLIA BERRY – FIVE FLAVOR BERRY Seeds (Schisandra chinensis)</span></em></strong></h2> <h3><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</strong></span></h3> <p>Schisandra chinensis (五味子 in Chinese, pinyin: wǔ wèi zi, literally "five-flavor berry" which is its common name is a deciduous woody vine native to forests of Northern China and the Russian Far East. It is hardy in USDA Zone 4. The plant likes some shade with moist, well-drained soil. The species itself is dioecious, thus flowers on a female plant will only produce fruit when fertilized with pollen from a male plant. However, a hybrid selection titled 'Eastern Prince' has perfect flowers and is self-fertile. Seedlings of 'Eastern Prince' are sometimes sold under the same name, but are typically single-sex plants.</p> <p> </p> <p>Schisandra is native to northern and northeastern China (Manchuria). Cultivation requirements are thought to be similar to those of grapes. Plants require conditions of moderate humidity and light, together with a wet, humus-rich soil. Tens of tons of berries are used annually in Russia in Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai for the commercial manufacture of juices, wines, extracts, and sweets.</p> <p> </p> <p>Its Chinese name comes from the fact that its berries possess all five basic flavors: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. Sometimes, it is more specifically called běi wǔ wèi zi (Chinese: 北五味子); literally "northern five-flavor berry") to distinguish it from another traditionally medicinal schisandraceous plant Kadsura japonica that grows only in subtropical areas. Another species of schisandra berry, Schisandra sphenanthera, has a similar but different biochemical profile; the Chinese pharmacopia distinguishes between S. chinensis (běi wǔ wèi zi) and S. sphenanthera (nan wǔ wèi zi).</p> <p> </p> <p>Its berries are used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs. Chemical constituents include the lignans schisandrin, deoxyschisandrin, gomisins, and pregomisin, which are found in the seeds of the fruit. It should not be used by pregnant women.</p> <p> </p> <p>In China, a wine is made from the berries.</p> <p>In Korean, the berries are known as omija (hangul: 오미자 – five flavours). The cordial drink made from the berries is called omija cha (hangul: 오미자 차), meaning "omija tea"; see Korean tea.</p> <p>In Japanese, they are called gomishi (Japanese: ゴミシ). The Ainu people used this plant, called repnihat, as a remedy for colds and sea-sickness.</p> <p>In traditional Chinese medicine, S. chinensis (known as wu wei zi (Chinese: 五味子)) is believed to act as an astringent for the Qi of the lungs and kidneys, restrain the essence to treat diarrhea, arrest excessive sweating from deficiency of yin or yang, calm the spirit by refreshing the heart and kidneys, and generate body fluid and reduce thirst.</p> <p> </p> <p>The great interest in limonnik (S. chinensis) in Russia arises from results of ethnopharmacological investigations of Russian scientists in the Far East regions where the berries and seeds were used by Nanai (Goldes or Samagir) hunters to improve night vision, as a tonic and to reduce hunger, thirst and exhaustion since “it gives forces to follow a sable all the day without food”."Pharmacological studies on animals have shown that Schisandra increases physical working capacity and affords a stress-protective effect against a broad spectrum of harmful factors including heat shock, skin burn, cooling, frostbite, immobilisation, swimming under load in an atmosphere with decreased air pressure, aseptic inflammation, irradiation, and heavy metal intoxication. The phytoadaptogen exerts an effect on the central nervous, sympathetic, endocrine, immune, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal systems, on the development of experimental atherosclerosis, on blood sugar and acid-base balance, and on uterus myotonic activity."</p> <p> </p> <h2><strong>Propagation</strong></h2> <p>Seed - best sown in the autumn in a cold frame. Pre-soak stored seed for 12 hours in warm water and sow in a greenhouse in the spring. Germination can be slow and erratic. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in light shade in the greenhouse for their first 2 years. Plant them out into their permanent positions in early summer.</p> <p> </p>

V 203

5/ 5

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <h2><strong>Maypop, Mor Çarkıfelek Tohumları (Passiflora incarnata)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>5 tohum paketi için fiyat.</strong></span></h2> <p>Passiflora incarnata, çarkıfelekgiller (Passifloraceae) familyasından çarkıfelek cinsinin en kuzeyde yetişen türüdür.</p> <p>Çarkıfelek adıyla bilinen tavuk yumurtası büyüklüğünde ve şeklindeki sarımsı meyveleri (İngilizce: maypop) insanlarca tüketildiği için Güneydoğu ABD'de ziraati yapılır. Bitki, asma sülüğü gibi helezonik tutmaçlarla tutunarak hızlı büyür. Yaprakları üç lopludur. Passiflora cinsi içinde Sarı çarkıfelekten sonra soğuğa en dayanıklı tür olup <strong>-20</strong> dereceye kadar kökleri dayanabilmekte ve kışın ölen bitki bu sayede yazın tekrar hayata dönebilmektedir. ABD'nin güneydoğusunda subtropikal ve soğuk iklim bölgelerine bu sayede yayılabilmiştir.</p> <p>Bitkiden ayrıca ilaç sanayinde de yararlanılmaktadır. "Passiflora" adlı bir ilacın üretiminde bu bitki ve meyveleri kullanılmaktadır.</p> <p>Genellikle maypop, mor çarkıfelek, gerçek çarkıfelek, yabani kayısı ve vahşi tutku asma olarak bilinen Passiflora incarnata, tırmanma veya sondaki saplarla hızlı büyüyen çok yıllık bir asmadır. Çarkıfelek cinsi Passiflora'nın bir üyesi olan maypop, belirgin stilleri ve organlarındaki büyük, karmaşık çiçeklere sahiptir. Çarkıfelek türünün en sert türlerinden biri olan güney Amerika'da yaygın bir kır çiçeği. Tennessee bölgesindeki Cherokee buna ocoee adını verdi; Ocoee Nehri ve vadisi, Tennessee eyalet kır çiçeği olan bu bitkinin adını almıştır. Bu ve diğer çarkıfelekleri, Körfez fritillary için özel larva konakçı bitkilerdir ve alacalı fritiller kelebekler için münhasır değildir.</p> <p>Sapları pürüzsüz veya tüylü olabilir; uzun ve takipçidirler, birçok dalları vardır. Yapraklar alternatif ve palmately 3 loblu ve bazen 5 loblu, 6-15 santimetre (2.4-5.9 inç) ölçülerindedir. Yaprak sapındaki bıçağın tabanında iki karakteristik bezleri vardır. Çiçeklerin beş mavimsi-beyaz yaprakları vardır. Yaprakları ve organlarındaki ince uzantıların bir yapısı olan beyaz ve mor bir korona sergilerler. Büyük çiçek tipik olarak yaprakları ve sepalsın üstünde bir halkada düzenlenir. Bombus arıları ve marangoz arılar gibi böcekler tarafından tozlaşırlar ve kendiliğinden sterildirler. Çiçek normalde Temmuz ayında çiçek açar.</p> <p>Maypop olarak da adlandırılan etli meyve, bir tavuk yumurtası büyüklüğünde oval sarımsı bir meyvedir; ilk başta yeşil, ama olgunlaştıkça turuncu olur. Diğer passifloralarda olduğu gibi, zebra longwing ve Gulf fritillary dahil olmak üzere bir dizi kelebek türünün larva gıdasıdır. Birçok durumda, meyvesi yaban hayatı ile çok popülerdir. Yumurta şeklindeki yeşil meyveler üzerine basıldığında 'patlayabilir'. Bu fenomen P. incarnata'ya ortak adını verir.</p> <p>Maypop çalılıklar, rahatsız alanlarda, nehir kıyılarının yakınında ve biçilmemiş meraların, yol kenarlarının ve demiryollarının yakınında meydana gelir. Güneş ışığının bol olduğu alanlarda büyür. Bir orman gölgelik altındaki gölgeli alanlarda bulunmaz.</p> <p>Mutfak kullanımı</p> <p>Yemek pişirmede, bu çeşitliliğin meyvesi bazen reçel ve jöleler için veya ticari olarak yetiştirilen Güney Amerika nispi Passiflora edulis'in yerine kullanılır - meyve karşılaştırılabilir boyut ve meyve suyu verimine sahiptir, bu nedenle soğutulmuş maypop suyu sıcak yaz aylarında lezzetli bir muameledir. hava. Meyveler elden yenebilir ve tarihsel olarak Güney ve Yerli Amerikalıların sömürge yerleşimcilerinin gözdesi oldu. Bugün, bu amaç için Amerikan Güneydoğu'daki bahçelerde ve Orta Atlantik'in bazı bölümlerinde ve gösterişli menekşe çiçeklerinde yetişen çok yaygın bir bitkidir [17] ve hala adı ile kanıtlandığı gibi Cajuns'un gözdesi bitki: liane de el bombası veya "nar asma".</p> <p>Tıbbi kullanım</p> <p>Etki</p> <p>Bir derlemede anksiyete bozukluklarında P. incarnata'ya destek bulundu. Diğer gözden geçirmeler, kanıtların sağlık etkileri hakkında herhangi bir iddiada bulunmak için yetersiz olduğunu bulmuştur.</p> <p>Etkileşimler</p> <p>Aşağıdaki ilaçlarla olası etkileşimler:</p> <p>Sakinleştirici</p> <p>Antiplateletler ve antikoagülanlar</p> <p>Monoamin oksidaz inhibitörleri (MAOI'ler)</p> <p>P. incarnata, yukarıda listelenen ilaçların ana etkilerini veya yan etkilerini artırabilir.</p> <p>Hamile veya emziren kadınlar P. incarnata kullanmamalıdır. Bitki bileşiklerinin üreme veya doğmamış çocuk üzerindeki etkileri henüz test edilmemiştir. Bu tesisin tüketimi, araç ve makine kullanma yeteneğine zarar verebilir.</p> <p>Tarihsel kullanımlar ve halk hekimliği</p> <p>Tarihsel olarak, bitki sinir kaygısı ve uykusuzluk tedavisinde bitkisel ilaç olarak kullanılmıştır. Kuru, öğütülmüş bitki, Avrupa'da bir çay kaşığı çay içerek sıklıkla kullanılır. Sakinleştirici niteliklere ve plasebodan başka tıbbi faydalara rağmen, sakinleştirici bir sakız bile üretilmiştir.</p> <p>Hipertansiyonu azaltmak için P. incarnata kullanılmıştır. Yapraklardan metanol ekstraksiyonlarının farelerde etkili bir antitussif olduğu bildirilmiştir.</p> <p>Avrupa'ya getirildikten sonra, zihinsel stres, anksiyete sinirlilik, kabızlık, hazımsızlık, hafif enfeksiyonlar ve uykusuzluk gibi hafif semptomların hafifletilmesi için doğal bir ilaç olarak herbolojide popüler bir ilaç haline geldi. "Bugün, çarkıfelek resmi olarak Fransa, Almanya ve İsviçre'nin ulusal farmakopelerinde yer alıyor ve aynı zamanda İngiliz Bitkisel Farmakopesi ve İngiliz Bitkisel Özeti, ESCOP monografları, EMA'nın Topluluk Bitkisel Monografları, Alman Standart Lisansları, Alman Homoeopatik Farmakopesi, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Homoeopatik Farmakopesi ve Mısır Farmakopesi.Polonya'da histeri ve nevrasteni gibi bozuklukları tedavi etmek için reçete edilmiştir.Şu anda P. incarnata yaygın olarak fitoterapide hafif bir yatıştırıcı olarak kullanılmaktadır ve Mevcut Avrupa ve İngiliz Farmakopesine dahil edilen botanik ilaçlar bitkinin kurutulmuş hava kısımlarıdır ".</p> <p>Kuzey Amerika'da ishal, adet öncesi sendromu, dismenore, nevralji, yanıklar, hemoroidler, uykusuzluk, kas krampları, histeri, nevralji ve çeşitli durumlar için ağrı kesici olarak kullanılır. P. incarnata hala Yerli Amerikalılar tarafından kullanılmaktadır, örneğin, Cherokees bitkinin kökünü topikal antienflamatuar ilaç olarak kullanır. Köklerden yapılan çay, karaciğer ve cilt kaynatmaları için tonik olarak kullanılır. P. incarnata özleri ayrıca sinirlilik, karın krampları ve anksiyetenin giderilmesi için de kullanıldı.</p> <p>Dünyanın diğer bölgelerinde, P. incarnata kısmen farklı hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılır. Örneğin, Arjantin ve Meksika'da sakinleştirici etkileri için tüketilirken, Brezilya'da analjezik, antispazmodik, anti-astımlı, cinayet ve yatıştırıcı olarak kullanılır. Bununla birlikte Hindistan'da morfin bağımlılığını tedavi etmek için kullanılmıştır, ancak Vietnam'da uykusuzluk, kaygı ve yüksek tansiyon bu bitkiden elde edilen ekstraktlarla tedavi edilmiştir. Orta Doğu'da P. incarnata'nın biraz farklı uygulamaları vardır, örneğin Türkiye'de dismenore, epilepsi, uykusuzluk, nevroz ve nevralji P. incarnata ile tedavi edilir. Ancak Irak'ta sakinleştirici ve narkotik bir ilaç olarak da kullanılmıştır. "Ruanda, Kenya ve Kongo'nun Afrika ülkelerinde P. incarnata, sakinleştirici, sinir, anti-spazmodik ve analjezik etkileri için bitki uzmanları ve doğal sağlık uygulayıcıları tarafından halk ilacı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Avustralya'da, genellikle sakinleştirici ve anksiyolitik ilaç.</p> <p>maddeler</p> <p>P. incarnata'daki bazı önemli maddeler flavonoidlerdir, ancak aynı zamanda alkaloidler ve diğer fito-bileşenler de bulunabilir.</p> <p>Flavonoidler P. incarnata'nın ana bileşenidir. Toplam içeriğin% 2,5'ine kadar ulaşabilirler. Flavonoidlerin en büyük konsantrasyonunun yapraklarda olduğu bildirilmiştir. P. incarnata'da aşağıdaki flavonoidler bulunabilir: chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol ve isovitexin. [14] Flavonoid chrysinin, P. incarnata'nın yatıştırıcı etkisinden sorumlu ana madde olduğu düşünülmektedir. Anksiyete azaltıcı özelliğe chrysinin GABA-Benzodiazepinreseptörlere bağlanması neden olmaktadır. [15] P. incarnata'da az miktarda alkaloid bildirilmiştir (&lt;% 0.005). Alkaloitlere örnekler: harmol, harmin, harmalol. [14] P. incarnata'da bulunan diğer maddeler arasında mono- ve polisakkaritler, amino asitler ve uçucu yağlar bulunur.</p> <p>yetiştirme</p> <p>Weediness</p> <p>P. incarnata potansiyel olarak tarımsal bir ot haline gelebilir. Passiflora'nın tarımsal amaçlarla tanıttığı cinsiyet, dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde önemli bir ot olarak rapor edilmiştir. Bu bitki, şu iki yetkili kaynağa göre Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Tarım Bakanlığı tarafından invaziv olarak listelenmiştir: Kentucky Weeds ve bitişik eyaletler: bir alan kılavuzu [20] ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Kanada Weeds.</p> <p>Maypop'un yayılmasını önlemek için emicilerin düzenli olarak çıkarılması olarak mekanik kontrol tavsiye edilir. Ayrıca yaylanmayı sınırlandırmak için sarmaşıkların kafes ve çitler üzerine eğitilmesi tavsiye edilir.</p> <p>Diğer potansiyel kullanım</p> <p>P. incarnata ekstreleri UV ışınlarına karşı koruyucu bir savunma ile organik güneş kremleri üretmek için potansiyel olarak kullanılabilir. Bu bitki bileşiklerinin kullanımı, güneşten koruyuculardaki sentetik UV filtrelerinin konsantrasyonunu azaltacaktır.</p>

V 18 PI

5/ 5

<h2><strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;" class="">Marya-Marya, Bush Passion Fruit Seeds (Passiflora foetida)</span></em></strong></h2> <h3><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</strong></span></h3> <p>Passiflora foetida (common names: wild maracuja, bush passion fruit, marya-marya, wild water lemon, stinking passionflower, love-in-a-mist or running pop) is a species of passion flower that is native to the southwestern United States (southern Texas and Arizona), Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and much of South America. It has been introduced to tropical regions around the world, such as Southeast Asia and Hawaii. It is a creeping vine like other members of the genus, and yields an edible fruit. The specific epithet, foetida, means "stinking" in Latin and refers to the strong aroma emitted by damaged foliage.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>The stems are thin and wiry, covered with minute sticky yellow hairs. Older stems become woody. The leaves are three- to five-lobed and viscid-hairy. When crushed, these leaves give off a pungent odor that some people consider unpleasant. The flowers are white to pale cream coloured, about 5–6 cm diameter. The fruit is globose, 2–3 cm diameter, yellowish-orange to red when ripe, and has numerous black seeds embedded in the pulp; the fruit are eaten and the seeds dispersed by birds.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>P. foetida is able to trap insects on its bracts, which exude a sticky substance that also contains digestive enzymes. This minimizes predation on young flowers and fruits.[6] Whether or not it gains nourishment from its prey is uncertain, and it is currently considered a protocarnivorous plant.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>This passion flower tolerates arid ground, but favours moist areas. It is known to be an invasive species in some areas. This plant is also a widely grown perennial climber, and has been used in traditional medicine.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Uses</strong></p> <p>The fruits are roughly the size of a ping pong ball or kumquat and contain a bluish-white pulp that is mildly sweet and delicately flavored. In the Philippines, the fruit of Passiflora foetida are known colloquially as marya-marya ('Little Mary'), 'kurombot', and santo papa (due to its resemblance to the Pope's mitre). Young leaves and plant tips are also edible. Dry leaves are used in tea in Vietnamese folk medicine to relieve sleeping problems, as well as treatment for itching and coughs.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Animal interactions</strong></p> <p>Passiflora foetida is a larval host and nectar source for the Gulf fritillary (Agraulis vanillae).</p> <p>Passiflora foetida has been mentioned as a toxic plant by farmers from northeastern Brazil. An experiment done with goats led to the discovery that high levels of cyanide in P. foetida cause poisoning after the ingestion of fresh leaves, mostly during the dry season.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

V 18 PFM (5 S)

5/ 5

<h2><span style="font-size: 14pt;" data-mce-style="font-size: 14pt;" class="n1ed--selected"><strong>Rattan Seeds (Calamus manan)</strong></span></h2><h2><span style="color: #fb0101; font-size: 14pt;" data-mce-style="color: #fb0101; font-size: 14pt;"><strong>Price for Package of 3 seeds.</strong></span></h2><p><span>Calamus manan is a robust, single stemmed, high-climbing, dioecious rattan. Plants produce a strong durable cane up to 8 cm in diameter, with internodes to 40 cm in length, and with stems eventually reaching to over 100 m. Growth rates of over 7 m a year have been inferred from observation of plants in Sabah (Dransfield and Tan, pers. obs. 1989), but more usually 1-3 m or more a year. Leaves cirrate to 8 m long including the cirrus to 3 m long. Petiole short, leaflets irregular in juvenile leaves and regular in mature leaves, to 45 on each side of rachis, lanceolate. Inflorescences massive, the male much more finely branched than the female, 70 cm long. Ripe fruit rounded to ovoid, to 2.8 cm long by 2.0 cm wide and covered with 15 vertical rows of yellowish scales with blackish-brown margins. Seed ovoid, to 1.8 cm by 1.2 cm, with finely pitted surface.</span></p><p><span>Solitary massive high climbing rattan, reaching eventually lengths of over 100 m. Stem without sheaths to 8 cm in diameter, sometimes quite slender (2.5 cm) at the very base, with sheaths to 11 cm in diameter; internodes to 40 cm long. Sheaths dull grey green densely armed with black laminate hairy edged triangular spines arranged in lateral groups or scattered, the largest to J cm long by 1 cm wide at the base, and with numerous much smaller spines to 5 mm long between; spines horizontal or slightly reflexed; thin white wax abundant between spines. Knee conspicuous armed as leaf sheath. Ocrea ill-defined. Leaf cirrate very massive to 8 m long including the cirrus to 3 m long; petiole short, to 12 cm long by 5 cm wide in mature plants, much longer in juveniles armed densely as is the rachis with short triangular spines both on the upper surface and beneath, with scattered grey in dumentum between. Leaflets irregular in juvenile leaves, regular in mature leaves, limply pendulous and versatile, to 45 on each side, pale grey-green, the largest to 60 cm long by 6 cm wide bristly near the tips. Inflorescences massive, the male much more finely branched than the female, to 2.5 m long with up to 9 partial inflorescences on each side to 70 cm long; all bracts rather densely armed with triangular spines to 3 mm high and red-brown in dumentum. Rachillae to 15 cm long. Ripe fruit rounded to ovoid, to 2.8 cm long by 2.0 cm wide shortly beaked, and covered in 15 vertical rows of yellowish scales with blackish brown margins. Seed ovoid, to 1.8 cm long by 1.2 cm wide, with finely pitted surface; endosperm densely and deeply ruminate. Seedling leaf with 2 divergent leaflets cucullate with a waxy blue-grey bloom on a pale dull green surface. (J. Dransfield, A Manual of the rattans of the Malay Peninsula. Malayan Forest Records 29.. 1979)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.</span></p><p><span>"Rotan manau" is widespread, but usually confined to steep slopes in hill Dipterocarp forest. It is rather rarely found in lowland Dipterocarp forest, and there, nearly always on steep slopes. It has an altitudinal range of about 50-1000 m and is at present most abundant between 600 and 1000 m altitude. It is likely however that it was formerly much more widespread, with its range being limited now by over exploitation. Seedlings are very characteristic and often abundant in hill forest. Calamus manan is variable in size and coloration. Beccari originally separated Malayan material as a separate species (C. giganteus) but I consider this to be conspecific with C. manan. Novices sometimes confuse "rotan manau" with "rotan dok" which is also very large and often grows with it. However, "rotan dok" is immediately distinguished because it has a flagellum and no cirrus whereas "rotan manau" has a cirrus but no flagellum. Calamus tumidus is very close to C. manan but can be separated on its smaller size, different leaf sheath armature and the very large bulbous, swollen knee. (J. Dransfield, A Manual of the rattans of the Malay Peninsula. </span>Malayan Forest Records 29.. 1979)/Palmweb.</p>

PS 11 (3 S)

5/ 5

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2><strong>Jicama, Meksika fasulyesi Tohumlar (Pachyrhizus erosus)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>5 tohum paketi için fiyat.</strong></span></h2> <p><i><b>Pachyrhizus erosus</b></i><span> </span>yaygın olarak bilinen,<b><span> </span>jicama</b><span> </span>(<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><span> </span>/<span> </span><span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span></span><span><span title="/ /: Birincil stres izler"> </span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ </span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k </span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə </span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m </span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'Yüksek' de 'h'"></span><span title="/ Ɪ /: 'i' 'kit' de"></span><span title="'Ayni' in 'k'"></span><span title="/ Ə /: 'a' 'about'"></span><span title="'Benim' in 'm'"></span><span title="/ Ə /: 'a' 'about'"></span></span><span> </span>/</span></span><span> </span>veya<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><span> </span>/<span> </span><span><span title="/ Dʒ /: 'reçel' de 'j'">dʒ </span><span title="/ Ɪ /: 'i' 'kit' de">ɪ </span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ /: Birincil stres izler"> </span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː </span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m </span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'Ayni' in 'k'"></span><span title="/ Ɑː /: 'a' 'baba' in"></span><span title="'Benim' in 'm'"></span><span title="/ Ə /: 'a' 'about'"></span></span><span> </span>/</span></span><span> </span>; İspanyol<i><span> </span>jicama<span> </span></i><span><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[xikama]</span></span></span></span><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="unicode haudio"><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo"> ( </small></span></span><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="unicode haudio"><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo">yardım</small></span></span><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="unicode haudio"><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo"> · </small></span></span><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="unicode haudio"><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo">bilgi</small></span></span><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="unicode haudio"><small class="metadata audiolinkinfo"> )</small></span></span> ; dan Nahuatl <i>xīcamatl</i> ,<span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><img alt="Bu ses hakkında" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /><span title="Uluslararası Fonetik Alfabesi temsilciliği (IPA)" class="IPA"></span></span> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo"></small></span></span> <i></i><small></small><span title="Uluslararası Fonetik Alfabesi temsilciliği (IPA)" class="IPA">[ʃiːkamatɬ]</span> ),<b> Meksika fasulyesi iplik</b> veya<b> Meksika şalgam</b> , doğal bir Meksika adıdır asma adı en yaygın olarak bitki yenebilir belirtmektedir, ancak yumrulu kök . JICAMA cinsi bir türdür<i> Pachyrhizus</i> fasulye ailesi (Fabaceae) içinde. Bu cinsin Bitkiler yaygın olarak anılacaktır<b> yam fasulye</b> dönem "yam fasulye" JICAMA için başka bir isim olabilir ancak. Yam fasulye diğer önemli türler de içinde yerli Americas . <i>Pachyrhizus tuberosus</i> ve<i> Pachyrhizus ahipa</i> diğer iki ekili türdür. Yenilebilir bitkilerin bu grubun adlandırma benzer çok örtüşme veya aynı ortak adları ile, karışık görünüyor.</span></p> <p>Mavi veya beyaz ve lima fasulyesi benzer bölmeler ya Çiçekler, tam olarak gelişmiş bitkilerde üretilir. Jicama birkaç türler meydana, ancak birçok pazarda bulunan biridir<span> </span><i>P. erosus</i><span> </span>. İki kültür formları<span> </span><i>P. erosus</i><span> </span>olan<span> </span><i>jicama de agua</i><span> </span>ve<span> </span><i>jicama de leche</i><span> </span>, onların suyu tutarlılığı için adlandırılmış hem.<span> </span><i>Leche</i><span> </span>ise bir şekilde, ince uzun bir kök ve süt suyu vardır<span> </span><i>agua</i><span> </span>bir şekilde sahip olan bir üst-şekilli yassı kutuplu kök ve daha sulu, yarı şeffaf suyu ve pazar için tercih edilen formdur.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Botany">Botanik</span></h2> <p>Jicama için diğer isimler Meksika patatesi içerir<span> </span><i>ahipa</i><span> </span>,<span> </span><i>saa var</i><span> </span>, Çin patates ve<span> </span>tatlı şalgam<span> </span>. Ekvador ve Peru'da adı<span> </span><i>jicama</i><span> </span>ilişkisiz için kullanılan<span> </span><i>Yacon</i><span> </span>veya Perulu zemin elma, yumru da gıda olarak kullanılan ayçiçeği ailesinin bir bitki.</p> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="Jicama, Meksika fasulyesi Tohumlar (Pachyrhizus erosus)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pachyrhizus_erosus_2.jpg/150px-Pachyrhizus_erosus_2.jpg" width="150" height="100" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pachyrhizus_erosus_2.jpg/225px-Pachyrhizus_erosus_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pachyrhizus_erosus_2.jpg/300px-Pachyrhizus_erosus_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" title="Jicama, Meksika fasulyesi Tohumlar (Pachyrhizus erosus)" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Bir çiftçi pazarda satışa Taze JICAMA</div> </div> </div> <p>Jicama asma 4-5 m verilen uygun bir destek yüksekliğe ulaşabilir. Kökü 2 m'ye kadar boyuna ulaşabiliyor ve 20 kg ağırlığındadır. Bugüne kadar kaydedilmiş en ağır JICAMA kök 23 kg ağırlığında ve (onlar denir nereye Filipinler'de 2010 yılında bulunmuştur<span> </span><i>singkamas</i><span> </span>). Jicama don-ihale ve büyük yumrular iyi bir hasat için don olmadan 9 ay gerektirir veya ticari olarak büyümeye. O hala yumrular üretecek şekilde, don olmadan en az 5 ay var daha serin bölgelerde yetişen değer, ancak daha küçük olacaktır. Don olmadan en az 5 ay ile Sıcak, ılıman bölgeleri son bahar don önce tohumunu 8 ila 10 hafta başlayabilir. Tohumlar çimlenmeye sıcak sıcaklıklar gerektiren olarak Alt ısı önerilir, böylece tencere sıcak bir yerde tutulması gerekecektir. Jicama bir serada kültürlü sürece kısa bir büyüme mevsimine alanlar için uygun değildir. Tropikal bölgelerde Yetiştiriciler yılın herhangi bir zamanında tohum ekmeye olabilir. Toprak ilkbaharda ısındı sonra subtropikal bölgelerde olanlar tohum ekmeye gerekir.</p> <p><span>Onun içine çiğ patates ya armut benzer bir gevrek dokulu krem beyaz iken root dış, sarı ve kâğıt gibi olduğunu. Lezzet bazı elma veya çiğ yeşil fasulye anımsatan, tatlı ve nişastalı olduğunu ve genellikle bazen tuz, limon ya da limon suyu ile çiğ yenir </span><i>alguashte</i><span> ve biber tozu. Ayrıca çorba ve tavada yemekleri pişirilir. JICAMA genellikle ile eşleştirilmiş </span>biber tozu<span> , </span>kişniş<span> , </span>zencefil<span> , </span>limon<span> , </span>kireç<span> , </span>turuncu<span> , </span>kırmızı soğan<span> , </span>salsa<span> , </span>susam yağı<span> , ızgara balık ve </span>soya sosu<span> . İnce takoz haline getirilip salsa batırılmış edilebilir. In </span>Mexico<span> , bu salata, taze meyve kombinasyonları, meyve barlar, çorbalar ve diğer pişmiş yemekler popüler. Kök aksine, jicama bitkinin geriye kalan çok, </span>zehirli<span> ; Tohumlar toksin içeren </span>rotenon<span> zehir için kullanılır, </span>böcekler<span> ve </span>balık<span> .</span></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Spread_to_Asia">Asya'ya yayıldı</span></h3> <p>İspanyollar Meksika'dan (o olarak bilinir Filipinler'e JICAMA ekimi yaymak<span> </span><i>singkamas</i><span> </span>Nahuatl gelen<span> </span><i>xicamatl</i><span> </span>Çin'de ve diğer bölgelerine gitti oradan,)<span> </span>Güneydoğu Asya<span> </span>ham JICAMA dikkate değer kullanım şekilleri arasında,<span> </span><i>Popiah<span> </span>,</i><span> </span>taze<span> </span><i>lumpia</i><span> </span>Filipinler ve<span> </span>salatalar<span> </span>gibi Endonezya, Singapur ve Malezya'da<span> </span><i>yusheng</i><span> </span>ve<span> </span><i>Rojak</i><span> </span>.</p> <p>Filipinler'de, jicama gibi genellikle çeşniler taze yenir<span> </span>pirinç sirkesi<span> </span>ve tuz ile serpilir, veya<span> </span><i>Bagoong</i><span> </span>(<span> </span>karides ezmesi<span> </span>). In<span> </span>Malay<span> </span>, bu isim ile bilinir<span> </span><i>ubi sengkuang</i><span> </span>. In<span> </span>Endonezya<span> </span>, JICAMA olarak bilinir<span> </span><i>bengkuang</i><span> </span>. Bu kök mahsul de Sumatra ve Java insanlar tarafından bilinen ve taze meyve barları yenen veya karıştırılır<span> </span><i>Rojak</i><span> </span>(baharatlı meyve salatası bir tür).<span> </span>Padang<span> </span>, Batı Sumatra bir şehir, "şehir denir<span> </span><i>bengkuang</i><span> </span>". Yerel kişiler bu JICAMA Padang "yerli mahsul" olduğunu düşünmüş olabilirler. Ekin bu şehirde her yerde büyümüş ve onların kültürünün bir parçası haline gelmiştir.</p> <p>Onun Çince adı ile bilinir<span> </span><i>patlamayla kuang</i><span> </span>Güneydoğu Asya'da etnik Çinlilere. Mandarin Çincesi, bu olarak bilinen<span> </span><i>dòushǔ</i><span> </span>(豆薯) ya da<span> </span><i>Liang shǔ</i><span> </span>olarak, (涼薯)<span> </span><i>sa1 var</i>沙葛Yue Chinese / Kantonca ( "şalgam" ile aynı) ve aynı<span> </span><i>mang-guang</i><span> </span>Teoçev, içinde芒光kelimesi Malay ödünç edilir ve sıra<span> </span><i>dìguā</i><span> </span>Guizhou eyaletinin ve Çin'in bazı komşu illerde地瓜, ikincisi vadeli tatlı patates ile paylaşılmasını. JICAMA bir denir pasta madde olarak Vietnamca gıda popüler hale gelmiştir<span> </span><i>cu đầu cây</i><span> </span>(kuzey Vietnam'da) ya da<span> </span><i>CU San</i><span> </span>ya<span> </span><i>san nước</i><span> </span>(Güney Vietnam).</p> <p>Japon olarak,芋(葛olarak bilinen<span> </span><i>kuzu-imo</i><span> </span>). Burma, bu (စိမ်းစားဥ denir<span> </span><i>aklı başında-saar-u</i><span> </span>). Onun Tay adı (มันแกว olan<span> </span><i>adam kaeo</i><span> </span>). Kamboçya'da, bu ~ ប៉ិ គក់ / peʔkŭəʔ / ប៉ិកួៈ olarak ដំឡូងរលួស / dɑmlɔoŋ rəluəh / veya altında Çinli isim olarak bilinir. Bengal, bu olarak bilinen<span> </span><i>shankhalu</i><span> </span>anlamıyla için çeviri, (শাঁখ আলু) "kabuklu (<span> </span><i>shankha</i><span> </span>, শাঁখ) patates (<span> </span><i>aluminyum</i><span> </span>, আলু)" şekli, boyutu ve renk için. Hindi olarak, olarak bilinen<span> </span><i>mishrikand</i><span> </span>(मिश्रीकंद). Bu hızlı (उपवास) Bihar (Hindistan) sırasında yenir ve olarak bilinen<span> </span><i>kesaur</i><span> </span>(केसौर). Gelen<span> </span>Odia<span> </span>, bu (ଶଙ୍ଖ ସାରୁ) olarak da bilinir<span> </span><i>shankha saru</i><span> </span>. Laos'ta denir<span> </span><i>adam Phao</i><span> </span>(ມັນ ເພົາ), daha küçük ve Meksika tip biraz daha tatlıdır tadı. Daha sonra, cildin dış katmanını soyulması bir elma ya da armut gibi yemek için lokmalar halinde keserek bir aperatif olarak kullanılmaktadır.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Nutrition">Beslenme</span></h2> <p>Jicama şeklinde karbonhidrat yüksek<span> </span>diyet lifi<span> </span>(özellikle<span> </span>inülin<span> </span>). Bu 86-90% su oluşur; Bu yalnızca eser miktarda<span> </span>protein<span> </span>ve<span> </span>lipid<span> </span>. Onun tatlı lezzet geliyor<span> </span>olıgofruktoz<span> </span>inulin<span> </span>bir olduğunu (ayrıca frukto-oligosakkarit denir),<span> </span>prebiyotik<span> </span>. Jicama, doymuş yağ ve sodyum çok düşüktür. Ayrıca, C vitamini için iyi bir kaynaktır</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Storage">Depolama</span></h2> <p>Jicama 12 ve 16 ° C (53 ila 60 ° F) arasında, kuru saklanmalıdır. Daha soğuk sıcaklıklar kökleri zarar verir gibi, bütün soyulmamış jicama kök buzdolabında edilmemelidir. Uygun bir sıcaklıkta muhafaza Taze bir kök, bir ya da iki ay boyunca devam edecektir.</p> </body> </html>

VE 173 (5 S)

5/ 5

<h2><span style="font-size:14pt;"><strong>Turquoise Jade Vine - Emerald Vine Seeds (Strongylodon macrobotrys)</strong></span></h2> <h2><span style="color:#f40202;font-size:14pt;"><strong>Price for Package of 1 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p><span>Strongylodon macrobotrys, commonly known as jade vine, emerald vine or turquoise jade vine, is a species of leguminous perennial liana (woody vine), a native of the tropical forests of the Philippines, with stems that can reach up to 18 m in length. Its local name is "tayabak". A member of the Fabaceae (the pea and bean family), it is closely related to beans such as kidney bean and runner bean. Strongylodon macrobotrys is pollinated by birds and bats.</span></p> <p><span>The pale green foliage consists of three leaflets. The claw-shaped flowers are carried in pendent trusses or pseudoracemes of 75 or more flowers and can reach as much as 3 m long.[4] The turquoise flower color is similar to some forms of the minerals turquoise and jade, varying from blue-green to mint green.[citation needed] The short, oblong, fleshy seedpods are up to 15 cm long and contain up to 12 seeds.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Habitat and pollinators</span></strong></p> <p><span>The plant grows beside streams in damp forests, or in ravines.[4] The inflorescences are only produced by mature vines. Each individual bloom resembles a stout-bodied butterfly with folded wings, they have evolved certain modifications to allow them to be pollinated by a species of bat that hangs upside down on the inflorescence to drink its nectar.[4] The flowers are also visited by a species of wasp,[citation needed] and are home to a species of butterflies.</span></p> <p><span>There are several other species of Strongylodon, but the superficially similar red jade vine, Mucuna bennettii, is a species belonging to a different genus, Mucuna. It seems to be endemic to the Philippines and is usually found in forests. Propagation has always been difficult. It is considered an endangered species due to the destruction of its habitat and the decrease of its natural pollinators. There seems to be a method of marcotting through mature woody stems. It is best planted in ground near a water source, but not inundated. The vine entwines itself through the trunk and branches of trees and the leaves spread over the canopy. The flowers hang like clusters of grapes.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Flower chemistry</span></strong></p> <p><span>The characteristic flower coloration has been shown to be an example of copigmentation, a result of the presence of malvin (an anthocyanin) and saponarin (a flavone glucoside) in the ratio 1:9. Under the alkaline conditions (pH 7.9) found in the sap of the epidermal cells, this combination produced a pink pigmentation; the pH of the colorless inner floral tissue was found to be lower, at pH 5.6. Experiments showed that saponarin produced a strong yellow colouring in slightly alkaline conditions, resulting in the greenish tone of the flower.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Cultivation</span></strong></p> <p><span>Strongylodon macrobotrys is not frost-tolerant; it needs a minimum temperature of 15 °C (59 °F).[2] It is prized in tropical and subtropical gardens for its showy flowers which are a highly unusual colour, unlike that of almost any other plant. It is usually grown over a pergola or other tall support to display the spectacular cascading flower trusses which are produced generously once the vine is mature (after 2 years or more, depending on pruning regime). Curiously, on a large plant, the pale-coloured blooms can be difficult to see in strong sunlight and could be overlooked if not for the fallen blooms below the vine. Fallen blooms change color as they dry out, from mint green to blue-green to purple.</span></p> <p><span>In South Africa the jade vine is mainly restricted to the warm humid strip of coastal Natal but grows in a few frost-free spots inland.</span></p> <p><span>In colder latitudes the plant must be grown in a large glasshouse or conservatory, such as the famous examples grown at Kew Gardens, Cambridge University Botanic Garden[5] and the Eden Project in the UK. In cultivation the plant flowers in early spring. In the USA a jade vine can be found at the Naples Botanical Garden, Longwood Gardens, Franklin Park Conservatory, The New York Botanical Gardens and Nicholas Conservatory and Gardens. In Florida, it is at the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and in Hawaii at the Hawaii Tropical Botanical Garden.</span></p>

T 74

5/ 5

<h2><strong>Inca Nut, Sacha Inchi, Sacha Peanut Seeds (Plukenetia volubilis)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #f90202;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color: #000000;">Plukenetia volubilis, commonly known as sacha inchi, sacha peanut, mountain peanut, Inca nut or Inca-peanut, is a perennial plant with somewhat hairy leaves, in the Euphorbiaceae. It is native to much of tropical South America (Suriname, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northwestern Brazil), as well as some of the Windward Islands in the Caribbean. It is now also being cultivated commercially in South East Asia, most notably in Thailand.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">In the Amazon Rainforest in Peru, it has been cultivated by indigenous people for centuries, and will grow in warm climates up to altitudes of 1,700 meters (5,500 feet) as long as there is continued availability of water and good drainage. It grows better in acidic soils and alluvial flats near rivers.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">The plant reaches a height of 2 m (6' 6"), with alternate, heart shaped, serrated leaves, 10 to 12 cm long (4"-4.7") and 8 to 10 cm (3.1-3.9") wide, that have petioles 2–6 cm (0.8-2.3") long. It flowers five months after being planted, and bears seeds around the eighth month. The male flowers are small, white, and arranged in clusters. Two female flowers are located at the base of the inflorescence. In tropical locations it is often a vine requiring support and producing seeds nearly year-round.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">The fruits are capsules of 3 to 5 cm in diameter with 4 to 7 points, are green and ripen blackish brown. On ripening, the fruits contain a soft black wet pulp that is messy and inedible, so are normally left to dry on the plant before harvest. By two years of age, often up to a hundred dried fruits can be harvested at a time, giving 400 to 500 seeds a few times a year. Fruit capsules usually consist of four to five lobes, but some may have up to seven. Inside are the seeds, oval, dark-brown, 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter and 45 to 100 grams of weight.[clarification needed] The cotyledons are open, similar to those of almonds, and covered with a whitish film. Raw seeds are inedible, but roasting after shelling makes them palatable.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">The seeds of inchi have high protein (27%) and oil (35 - 60%) content, and the oil is rich in the essential fatty acids omega-3 linolenic acid (≈45-53% of total fat content) and omega-6 linoleic acid (≈34-39% of fat content), as well as non-essential omega-9 (≈6-10% of fat content).</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Modern uses</strong></span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">Sacha inchi oil has a mild flavour with a nutty finish and may be appropriate for a variety of cuisines,[citation needed] although when consumed daily after 1 week, some subjects indicated low acceptance for the oil.[4] Rich in alpha-linolenic acid, the oil was evaluated in a 4 month ingestion study (10-15 ml per day) by adults, showing it was safe and tended to increase blood levels of HDL cholesterol.[4]</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">In Peru during 2009, the humanitarian group Oxfam supported techniques for growing sacha inchi as a cash crop by indigenous groups like the Ashaninka.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>ECOLOGY AND POSSIBLE CULTIVATION AND HARVESTING AREAS</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Habitat</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">P. volubilis natural habitat encompasses areas of altered vegetation or the margins oftropical wet forests or low lands to an elevation of 900 m (7, 16). Species is a rapidly growing liana.Harvesting natural populations should be highly restricted due to limited populations and their widelydispersed distribution.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">Growth</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Sacha inchi plants grow and mature at a temperature range that characterizes thePeruvian Amazon (minimum = 10º C and maximum = 36º C). Some experiences show highertemperatures increasing nematode reproduction, thereby causing greater infestation (14). Plants inAlto Mayo (in the department of San Martin), where temperatures are rather low, grow without anyproblems whatsoever. When plants grow in relative humidity of 78% and an average temperature of25º C, they are practically disease free (6).Temperature above the maximum causes flowers and small fruits to fall off, especially the recentlyformed. In low light intensity, plants need a greater number of days to complete the growth cycle.Where plants grow underneath a great deal of shade, flowering diminishes and, hence, production isless.Plants require water on a constant basis for sustained growth, with uniform rainfall over 12 monthsbeing the best (850 mm – 1000 mm). Irrigation is, therefore, indispensible during dry months giventhat relatively prolonged dry periods and low temperatures cause slow and troublesome growth. Onthe other hand, excess water will harm plants and increase disease damage.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>CULTIVATION AND USE</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Cultivation</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Sowing sacha inchi in the Peruvian Amazon is conditioned by the rainfall regime.Generally speaking, seeds are directly planted in dry conditions at the beginning of the rainy season(between November and December) in order to guarantee good germination; it can be prolongeduntil March. When land is irrigated, it can be planted any time during the year. Indirect planting ortransplanting should, if possible, be carried out sometime between days 45 and 60 before rainsbegin, between September and November; it can be extended until February (6).Field preparation should be done according to physical conditions of the soil, gradient, and waterneeds of the crop. Sacha inchi can be sown on flat, undulating land, and on slopes with gooddrainage. In the department of San Martin and other areas in the Peruvian Amazon, it is sown thetraditional way, i.e. slashing and burning. However, these practices, especially burning, are notrecommended since they destroy soil nutrients, interrupt organic material decomposition, and causetexture loss. Soil becomes packed and cannot absorb rain water, whereby most of it runs off thesurface and erodes the land. Plowing on level ground to a furrow depth of 0.30 m – 0.40 m is thebest system to use. As well, cow or sheep manure should be used to fertilize plants so that soilstructure is improved.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">Leveling is also an important process to keep water from pooling and, subsequently, causingproblems related to excess moisture (6, 12). Once seedlings have taken root, plants should betended as follows: weed control, pest control, trellis installation, and pruning (for formation andproduction).Sacha inchi can be associated with annual, biennial, and/ or permanent crops in their natural habitat.Farmers have associated it with almost all regional crops: cotton, banana, beans, corn, cassava,fruits, forest species, etc. Yet, some experiences have shown cultivating it with medium anddetermined growth legumes or species with short growing season (like cow peas or pigeon peas) ispreferable (14). When employing a trellis system, it can be associated with short cycle crops, suchas peanuts, beans, upland cotton, and other low growing crops, planting them between rows.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">Soil</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Sacha inchi can adapt to a wide range of different soil types. Best are medium textured soils(sandy clay loam, clay loam, and sandy loam). Less appropriate are heavy clay or very sandy ones.Yet, it is a hardy plant that does not demand high levels of nutrients; it grows in acidic soils (pH 5.5 –7.8) and with high concentrations of aluminum.The plant flourishes in dry and wet regions in the department of San Martin known as “shapumbales”(“shapumba” is the local word for brackens –</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Pteridium aquilinum </span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">– and the area is covered withthem) and others known as “cashucshales” (name for the areas of the widely growing grass</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Imperata brasiliensis </span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">) which have good drainage and aeration that eliminate excess surface andground water (6, 12).</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">Propagation.</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Seeds are the main way sacha inchi propagates, although grafting is one possiblesolution to chief phytosanitary problems (12). Using good quality seeds that have high germinationrates is of utmost importance to achieving satisfactory results. Before sowing, it is necessary todisinfect seeds so as to prevent or to control fungal diseases that attack the roots. Disinfectionconsists of impregnating seeds with a watery paste of dissolved fungicide and insecticide; it is mixedwith the seeds until they are uniformly saturated.Direct sowing entails a precise quantity of seeds: 1.0 kg – 1.5 kg/ ha, where distance between rowsis 2.5 m – 3.0 m, distance between plants 3 m, and seed depth 2 cm – 3 cm. Indirect sowingdemands nurseries be prepared with washed river sand and seeds sown in rows 10 cm apart and 2cm deep.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">When the third pair of green leaves sprout, seedlings should then be transplanted into blackpolypropylene bags filled with a substrate of previously prepared rich forest dirt. Then, finaltransplant is done roughly sixty days after planting and before the guides appear. Better cropmanagement is achieved by using dead stakes or trellises in level, clear fields since they reducepruning work.Seedling transplants should be done after installing trellises so plants are not mistreated (6, 12).There is no greater information available on vegetative propagation of</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">P. volubilis; </span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">some reportsstate it can be reproduced using cuttings, but nothing more is discussed on that matter.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">Harvest and yield.</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Harvesting dry and mature fruits takes place 6.5 – 8 months after finaltransplant. Post first harvest, plants continue to fruit, so plants are harvested every twenty to twenty-five days with best yield occurring from November to May and reduced yield being from June toOctober; reduction is related to decreased rainfall during that period (6).Only brown capsules still attached to the plant are harvested since those that have fallen arecontaminated and may damage the lot (4). Manco states that first year average yield ranges from0.7 tons – 2.0 tons/ ha (12). It is grown in association with cover crops and can live to ten years.Nevertheless, Chacon reports crops producing 1000 kg in the first year with steady increases untilthe third year (5).</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">POST HARVEST</span><br /><span style="color: #000000;">Post harvest, capsules are transported in 25 kg – 30 kg polypropylene, jute, or net sacks for dryingand threshing. The former can be accomplished naturally or artificially, according to heat source.Natural drying is under direct sunlight, scattering capsules over a cement surface.Drying time depends on ecotype or variety since some capsules are thicker and less dehiscent thanothers, making the threshing process more difficult. Artificial methods employ dryers of differentenergy sources: solar, wood burning, oil, etc. Not many farmers use that method and only when verylarge fields are cultivated.Farmers prefer to wait until summer to dry their crops, or they harvest more capsules while waiting,postponing the drying and threshing until summer. Artificial and solar dryers used to dry annatto,cacao, coffee, corn, turmeric, and other products can be used for sacha inchi. One companyrecommends just natural drying since dryers can heat capsules too much and alter oil quality in theseeds (14).Once dry, most of the capsules, or, in some cases, all of them, crack open because of theirdehiscent nature. At the moment, some threshers have been adapted to separate capsules from theseeds and even to separate shells from nut. This process results in roughly 55% dry seed and 45%capsule remains.</span></p> <p><span style="color: #000000;">Seeds can be stored in 50 kg – 70 kg jute sacks in dry places (4, 6). It is advisable not to mix oldand new harvests because some seeds can be dry and other fresh, causing the lot to rot (2).</span></p>

V 236 (5 S)

5/ 5

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2><strong>Duvar sarmaşığı tohumu (Hedera helix)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>10 tohum paketi için fiyat.</strong></span></h2> <p><b>Duvar sarmaşığı</b><span> (</span><i>Hedera helix</i><span>), (</span><i>helix</i><span> </span>Antik Yunanca<span>'da "sarmal" anlamına gelmektedir) </span>sarmaşıkgiller<span> (Araliaceae) familyasından </span>Avrupa<span> ve </span>Güneybatı Asya<span> bölgesine özgü bir sarmaşık </span>türü<span>.</span></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Özellikleri">Özellikleri</span></h2> <p>Duvarlar, kayalar ve<span> </span>ağaçlarda<span> </span>uygun yüzeylerin bulunması durumunda 20-30 metreye kadar boylanabilen herdem yeşil bir bitkidir. Dikey yüzeylerin bulunmadığı koşullarda yerde yetişmektedir. Ağaç kabukları ve kayalara vantuz biçimindeki kısa yapışkan kökçükler yardımı ile tutunabilmektedir. Gövde ve yaprakları ise çevrede bulunan cisimlere sarmal şeklinde dolanarak bitkiye destek sağlamaktadır. Yapraklarının uzunluğu 4–8 cm eni ise 3–10 cm arasında değişir.</p> <h2><span id="Etken_bile.C5.9Fikleri"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Etken_bileşikleri">Etken bileşikleri</span></h2> <p>Karbonhidratlar, flavonoitler, fenolik glikozitler (Primverozit, Primula-verozit), kondanse tanenler, pseudo tanenler,<span> </span>kinonlar, triterpenik<span> </span>saponinler.</p> <h2><span id="Etki_ve_kullan.C4.B1l.C4.B1.C5.9F.C4.B1"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Etki_ve_kullanılışı">Etki ve kullanılışı</span></h2> <p>Sedatif, antispazmodik, hipnotik, diüretik, sekretolitik ve ekspektoran (balgam söktürücü) etkileri vardır. Öksürük ve soğuk algınlığında kullanılabilir.</p> <p>Bitkiler ve çevreden temizledikleri kimyasal maddeler ile ilgili yapılan bir araştırmada birçok kimyasal maddeyi havadan absorbe ederek havayı temizlediği bulunmuştur.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"></sup></p> <h2><span id="Yeti.C5.9Ftiricili.C4.9Fi"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Yetiştiriciliği">Yetiştiriciliği</span></h2> <p>Süs bitkisi şeklinde, sarı, hercaii veya parçalı yapraklı veya pembe gövdeli çok çeşitli kültür ırkları yaygın olarak yetiştirilmektedir.</p> <p>Daha çok İngiliz sarmaşığı olarak bilindiği<span> </span>Kuzey Amerika'da bu bitki yabanileşerek, hatta bu bitkinin anayurdunun iklim özelliklerini gösteren Kuzeybatı Pasifik bölgede ise bazen<span> </span>istilacı zararlı tür<span> </span>olarak bile kabul edilmektedir.</p> </body> </html>

MHS 102

5/ 5

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2><strong>Bourbon Vanilya Tohumları (Vanilya planifolia)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>50 veya 100 tohumluk Paket Fiyatı.</strong></span></h2> <p><strong>Vanilya</strong> (<em>Vanilla planifolia</em>), Orchidaceae (salepgiller) familyasından birçok tropikal ülkelerde yetiştirilen, tırmanıcı gövdeli bir bitki türü.</p> <p>Vatanı Meksika, Madagaskar, Cava ve Antillerdir. Bitkinin yaprakları sapsız, yassı ve etlidir. Meyveleri 15–20 cm uzunlukta, yassı, iki uca doğru incelmiş, parlak siyahımsı renkli bir kapsüldür. Kokusu özel ve tadı acıdır.</p> <p>Vanilya asıl olarak bir bağ bitkisidir. Vanilya ekolojik olarak Güney Amerika'nın kuzeydoğusunda Meksika’nın Atlantik okyanusuna bakan tarafında yetiştirilmiştir. Vanilya önceleri tapınaklarda koku vermek veya kötü ruhları uzak tutmak için kullanılırdı. Sonradan Meksikalılar Vanilyayı içeceklerine tat vermek amacı ile kullanmaya başladılar.</p> <p>Doğal ortamında vanilya bitkisi Karayiplerden Ekvatorun Pasifik kıyılarına kadar kendisine yerleşim alanı bulmuştur. Günümüzde ise Ekvatorun her iki tarafında yaklaşık 20 derecelik bir alanda yetiştirilebilmektedir. Dünya üzerinde yaklaşık 150 vanilya türü vardır ancak Bourbon, Tahiti ve Hint Vanilyası ticari olarak yetiştirilmektedir.</p> <p>Avrupa'ya vanilyanın tanıtılması ise Amerika kıtasının keşfinden sonra 1520 yılında kakao bitkisi ile beraber İspanyollar tarafından getirilmesi ile başlamıştır. Ancak Vanilya bundan sonra tüm çabalara rağmen çok uzun bir süre Meksika dışında yetiştirilememiştir. 1837 yılında ise vanilyanın polenizasyonunu o yöreye özgün bir arı cinsi tarafından gerçekleştirildiği anlaşıldıktan 4 yıl sonra Bourbon adalarında yaşayan Edmond Albuis tarafından elle polenize etme yöntemi bulunmuştur. Vanilya ekiminden sonra ilk ürünü yaklaşık 3 yıl sonra verir.</p> <p>Çok fazla işçilik gerektiren bir süreçtir. Çubuk yeşil meyve halindeyken yaklaşık 9 ay boyunca tadını alması için bekler. Meyve koparıldıktan sonra hala yeşildir ve henüz tam anlamı ile tadı ve aroması oluşmamıştır. Bu tat ancak kurutma işleme sürecinden sonra oluşur. Meyve koparıldıktan sonra güneşte kurutulur. Ancak günümüzde pek çok ülkede meyveler sıcak suda bekletildikten sonra güneşe konulur. Bu kuruma sürecinde meyve yaklaşık %20 oranında küçülür. İşleme bittikten sonra ürünler ayrıştırılır 1-2 ay boyunca dinlenmeye bırakılır.</p> <p>Vanilyanın yetiştirilmesi, polenizasyonu (polenleme işlemi) ve ekimi hiçbir makine, kimyasal gübre veya tarım ilacı kullanmadan tamamen elle yapılır. Vanilya yetiştiricileri- ki genelde kadın ve çocuklardır- eğer yeteri kadar hızlı çalışırlarsa günde yaklaşık 1000 ile 2000 arası vanilyayı polenleyebilirler. En fazla işçilik gerektiren zirai üründür. Aynı zamanda Dünya'da Safran'dan sonra en pahalı ikinci baharattır.</p> <h2>Kullanımı</h2> <p>Yeşilken toplanıp, sonra suda haşlandıktan sonra kurutulan meyveleri kullanılır. Özel kokulu vanilin maddesi ancak fermentatif bir kurutma sonucunda meydana gelmektedir. Vanilin meyveden glikosit ile bağlı durumdadır. Ancak böyle bir kurutma esnasındaki mayalanma ile serbest hale geçmektedir. Genellikle evlerde kullanılan vanilya doğal değildir. Pasta, çikolata, dondurma, şekerleme, kahve, kakao ve kola, likör gibi pek çok ürüne tat katmak için kullanılır. Vanilya, mide ve sinir sistemini üzerinde uyarıcı etkilere sahiptir. Koku verici olarak gıda ve parfüm sanayiinde kullanılmaktadır.</p> <p>Vanilya 3 şekilde kullanılabilir. Çubuk vanilyayı bütün olarak, öğütülmüş olarak veya Vanilya Özü olarak kullanabilirisiniz. Vanilyanın belki de en fazla sevildiği alan Dondurma ve sütlü tatlılardır. Ancak genel olarak tüm tatlılarda, hamur işlerinde, kahve, çikolata ve pek çok diğer gıda ürünün tadını ve aromasını zenginleştirir. Ayrıca kozmetik sektörü de vanilyanın yoğun kullanıldığı alanlardan biridir.</p> <h3>Bütün olarak (Vanilya çubuğu)</h3> <p>Vanilyayı bütün olarak yapacağınız yemeklere ve tatlılara katabilirsiniz. Burada değişik kullanım yöntemleri vardır. Örneğin sütlü tatlılarda sütü kaynatırken belirli bir süre Vanilya çubuğu ile kaynatabilirsiniz. Eğer daha kuvvetli bir aroma vermek istiyorsanız Vanilya çubuğunu ortadan uzunlamasına ikiye ayırarak kullanabilirsiniz. Ayrıca yemek ve tatlılarınızda süsleme amaçlı olarak da kullanabilirsiniz. Bunun dışında şeker, bal veya reçel gibi ürünlerinizin içinde bekleterek 1-2 hafta gibi sürelerde aromasını tamamen ürüne verdirebilirsiniz.</p> <h3>Çekilmiş olarak (sade veya şekerle karıştırılarak)</h3> <p>Vanilyayı hazır öğütülmüş olarak alarak veya kendinizde öğüterek kullanabilirsiniz. Bu şekilde öğütülmüş vanilyayı genelde şekerleriniz ile karıştırabilir veya kullanmak istediğiniz tatlılarınızda yine bu şekilde kullanabilirsiniz.</p> <h3>Vanilya Özü olarak (Alkol veya gliserol ile karıştırılarak)</h3> <p>Vanilya çubuklarının belirli bir süre için alkol veya gliserollü bir karışımda bekletilmesi ile elde edilir. Bu şekilde kullanım pratik olduğu için endüstriyel veya ticari kullanımlarda tercih edilmektedir. Vanilya ve solüsyonun oranına göre derecelendirilmektedir. Örneğin 2X olan bir öz 1X olan öze göre 2 kat daha fazla Vanilya özü içerir, yani daha yoğundur ve daha az kullanarak aynı sonucu elde edebilirsiniz demektir.</p> </body> </html>

MHS 104

5/ 5

<h2><strong>African Dream Herb - Snuff Box Sea Bean Seeds (Entada rheedii)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color:#f90101;"><strong>Price for Package of 1 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p><span>Entada rheedii, commonly known as the African dream herb or snuff box sea bean, and as the cacoon vine in Jamaica, is a large woody liana or climber. Their seeds have a thick and durable seed coat which allows them to survive lengthy periods of immersion in seawater.</span></p> <p><span>Though the legitimate name was first published as E. rheedii, it is often written as Entada rheedei, honouring Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Draakestein (1637–1691)</span></p> <p><strong><span>Traditional use</span></strong></p> <p><span>The species is employed in African traditional medicine to induce vivid dreams, enabling communication with the spirit world. The inner meat of the seed would be either consumed directly, or the meat would be chopped, dried, mixed with other herbs like tobacco and smoked just before sleep to induce the desired dreams.</span></p> <p><span>The plant is also used as a topical ointment against jaundice, toothache, ulcers and to treat muscular-skeletal problems. The seeds are sought after as pieces of jewelry and as good-luck charms.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Distribution</span></strong></p> <p><span>Its seeds are found on east and southern African beaches, having grown on river and estuary banks and in swamp forest. As a result of its ready dispersal by sea, Entada rheedii is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries, but strangely not the Americas. These include: Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Zaire, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal), Togo, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe;</span></p> <p><span>Australasia: Australia (Queensland), Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam.</span></p> <p></p>

MHS 52

5/ 5

<h2><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><em>Dummela - Bitter Watermelon Seeds (Gymnopetalum integrifolium)</em></strong></span></h2> <h3><span style="color: #fc0202;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds. </strong></span></h3> <p><span>Gymnopetalum scabrum or Trichosanthes integrifolia is species of gourd family called in Sinhalese as Dummela". It is endemic plant to Sri Lanka.  This is a important rare medicinal plant  occasionally found on scrub jungle or wood land in wet zone in Sri Lanka. Also, it is extinct plant from wild and classified as a critically endangered plant by Sri Lanka Biodiversity Secretariat. The plant is a creeper that climb on another tree about 4 or 5 meters in height and some time may be terrestrial. It is rarely found on home gardens that cultivated as a medicinal plant.</span></p> <p><span>Leaves: Fruit short ellipsoid or globose, (2-)3-4 cm long, finely (sparsely) hairy, glabrescent, not ribbed. Seeds narrowly elliptic, 6-9 by 2.5-3 by 1.5-2 mm, faces small, almost smooth, demarcated by groove from broad, rounded margin.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Ecology</span></strong></p> <p><span>Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.</span></p>

VG 62 (5 S)

5/ 5

<h2 class=""><strong>Atooto, Bandeiraea Seeds (Griffonia simplicifolia)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p><span>Griffonia simplicifolia is an evergreen, hard-wooded shrub or large climbing plant with short strong woody tendrils. It can grow to about 3 meters tall.</span></p> <p><span>A multipurpose plant with a wide range of medicinal uses, some minor edible uses, and various miscellaneous uses, it is commonly harvested from the wild for the local community. The seeds are a commercial source of 5-HTP, a serotonin precursor widely used in the treatment of depression and other conditions. The seeds are collected from the wild on a commercial basis and are sold internationally in large quantities.</span></p> <p><span>Even though Griffonia simplicifolia is reportedly common, the high commercial value of the seeds forms a serious threat. Destructive harvesting combined with high grazing pressure could contribute to the reduction of populations.</span></p> <h2><span>Cultivation Details</span></h2> <p><span>Although many species within the family Fabaceae have a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria, this species is said to be devoid of such a relationship and therefore does not fix atmospheric nitrogen</span></p> <h2><span>Edible Uses</span></h2> <p><span>The leaves are used in the production of palm wine and give the wine a bitter taste.</span></p> <p><span>The sap that exudes from cut stems can be drunk to quench thirst.</span></p> <h2><span>Medicinal</span></h2> <p><span>The pulped bark is applied to syphilitic sores.</span></p> <p><span>A leaf decoction is used as an emetic, cough medicine, and aphrodisiac.</span></p> <p><span>The leaf sap and is drunk or applied as an enema to cure kidney problems.</span></p> <p><span>The leaf sap is used as eye drops to cure inflamed eyes.</span></p> <p><span>A paste made from the leaves is applied to burns.</span></p> <p><span>A decoction of stems and leaves is taken as a purgative to treat constipation and is used externally as an antiseptic wash to treat suppurating wounds.</span></p> <p><span>Chewing the stems is claimed to produce an aphrodisiac effect.</span></p> <p><span>Stems and stem bark are made into a paste that is applied to decaying teeth.</span></p> <p><span>The powdered twig bark, combined with lemon juice and Capsicum pepper, is applied to scarifications to treat intercostal pain.</span></p> <p><span>An extract from the powdered roots has been used to treat sickle cell anaemia.</span></p> <p><span>The seed is a commercial source of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a serotonin precursor. In humans, 5-HTP increases the synthesis of serotonin in the central nervous system and has been shown to be effective in treating a wide variety of conditions, including depression, fibromyalgia, obesity, chronic headaches and insomnia.</span></p> <p><span>The leaves contain a volatile oil and coumarins.</span></p> <p><span>The cyanoglucoside lithospermoside (= griffonin) has been isolated from the roots; it is the active ingredient against sickle-cell anaemia.</span></p> <p><span>Isolectin B4, isolated from Griffonia simplicifolia, is used as a marker of small primary sensory neurons in neurological research[</span></p> <h2><span>Other Uses</span></h2> <p><span>The leaves are put in chicken pens to kill lice.</span></p> <p><span>The roots are chewed and dried to produce a white powder that is used by women to powder their face.</span></p> <p><span>A black dye is obtained from the leaves.</span></p> <p><span>The stems are used to make baskets and cages.</span></p> <p><span>The stems are beaten into fibres that serve as chewing sponges, a popular means of tooth cleaning in Ghana.</span></p> <p><span>The stems and roots are used as chew-sticks to clean the teeth and maintain gum health and oral hygiene.</span></p> <p><span>The seeds contain the compound 5-HTP, which is poisonous to certain insects, i.e. bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus).</span></p> <p><span>A number of lectins are found in the seeds. One of them is of the acetylglucosamine-group, which is commonly found in Poaceae and Solanaceae, but is rare in Fabaceae. Some lectins have insecticidal properties.</span></p> <p><span>The pods are made into toy whistles and spoons.</span></p> <p><span>The wood is hard and fairly tough. It can be bent and after crooking is used for making walking-sticks.</span></p> <p><span>&nbsp;</span></p>

MHS 68 (5 S)

5/ 5

<h2><strong>Seeds Bitter Melon, Bitter Gourd, Balsam Pear (Momordica Charantia)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price per pack of 5, 10, 50, 100 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p>If the Balsam Pear did not exist a pharmaceutical company would invent it. &nbsp;In fact, there have been some ten studies published this past year about it, the latest as of this writing in February 2008 in the Journal of Food Biochemistry about its potential in diabetes treatment.</p> <p>A very common, bitter vegetable in Asian cuisine, &nbsp;the Balsam Pear, Momordica charantia, &nbsp;is a natural drug store for diabetics and others. It’s not a pear at all but a fruiting gourd and vine that smells like an old, well-used gym shoe. Don’t say you weren’t warned.</p> <div>The warty gourd is edible when green (and cooked) but turns toxic when orange ripe. It then splits characteristically into three parts, revealing red arils (fleshy seed covers). &nbsp;The ripe seeds inside the arils and orange flesh of the gourd are toxic and can make one violently lose fluids from both ends, and induce abortions. The red arils around the seeds, however, are edible. And notice this: The arils are 96% lycopene, which gives them their color. Just remember to spit out the seed from each aril.</div> <div>M. charantia is found Connecticut south to Florida, west to Texas, also Puerto Rico and the Hawaiian Islands. Incidentally, the bitter melon has twice the potassium of bananas and is also rich in vitamin A and C.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>The Latin genus name, Momordica, (mo-MOR-dee-ka) &nbsp;means “to bite,” and refers to the jagged edges of the leaves, which appear as if they have been bitten. Charantia (char-AN-tee-ah) the species’ name, comes from Greek meaning beautiful flower. &nbsp;It’s native to tropical regions of the world though no one knows where it came from originally. Gray’s four-inch thick Manual of Botany, started in 1850 and revised in 1950, makes no mention of M. charantia in the United States but it is currently a serious crop weed in Florida and to 21 other crops around the world, bananas to soybeans. It’s a late comer to Florida or Gray was in the dark about it. In the Amazon, and as far away as India, it is used very much by local populations for food and medicine. &nbsp;Apparently a &nbsp;dynamic chemical factory, the M. charantia is being tested for treatment against cancer — leukemia in particular — &nbsp;AIDS, as an analgesic, and to moderate insulin resistance. It is often called the vegetable insulin. It does not increase insulin secretion but “speeds up carbohydrate use of the cells by affecting membrane lipids.” Seems like the smelly gym shoe hanging on the fence has a great future. But, it is not for everyone: Don’t eat the vegetable if you’re hypoglycemic or pregnant. In diabetics it can lower blood sugar too effectively. It also reduces fertility in men and women. &nbsp;And, it contains vicine. That can cause favism in people who have a variant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (I presume if you don’t know what that is you don’t have it. Favism is a severe reaction to fava beans and or their pollen. Occurs most often in Mediterranean men.)</div> <div>Cultivated versions of the M. charantia, also called Bitter Gourd or Wild Balsam Apple, are found in most Asian markets, and they, too, smell like an old gym shoe. The odor, thankfully, almost all goes away when cooked and the bitterness moderates, but does not go away. If you are not yet brave enough to pick your own, you can buy some or grow it yourself. There are many varieties and numerous recipes are on the Internet. The M. charantia is indeed bitter. Some cut up the vegetable and soak it in water, or salted water and or blanch it &nbsp;to reduce the bitterness.</div> <div>While I have never seen an Oriental family picking M. charantia off local fences here in Florida, I have seen many Hispanic families doing so. &nbsp;Dr. Julia Morton, a plant professor in south Florida, &nbsp;says besides the green fruit, the young leaves when cooked and drained are also edible and nutritious, with iron, phosphorous, calcium and vitamin C. I have never managed to get past the locker room bouquet to toss ‘em in a pot, and the fruit is just too bitter for me to enjoy. The ripe fruit pulp has been used as a soap substitute, which should give you some idea of the flavor. In India and Africa the cooked leaves are canned like spinach. The fragrant flowers can be used as seasoning when cooking.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>Incidentally, if you have a glut of green Bitter Gourds, you can slice them, partially boil them with salted water, then dry them, sun or otherwise. They will last for several months. You can then fry them and use as you like. Also, drinking the fresh bitter juice is recommended by some naturopaths. That ain’t going to be easy, it’s really bitter…. much easier to tell someone to do it than do it yourself.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>REMEMBER: No part of the Momordica charantia is ever to be eaten raw, except for the red arils (and remember to spit the seeds out.) &nbsp;No part, other than the arils, is ever to be eaten when ripe, which is when it is turning from green to yellow to orange. Do not eat the yellow or orange fruit raw or cooked. It is toxic. Also, the green fruit is suspected in the poisoning of dogs and pigs.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>Relatives: Momordica balsamina, which has longer spines on the fruit and can ripen to red, grows only in St. Lucie County in Florida and only a smattering of places in the southern U.S. &nbsp;M. balsamina fruit can be pickled or after soaking used as a cooked vegetable. Young shoots and tendrils are boiled as a green. The seeds are eaten. &nbsp;Momordica cochinchinensis produces a huge round fruit that is red when ripe. Young fruit boiled, not as bitter as M. charantia. Momordica dioica, small and roundish, &nbsp;is more esteemed than the rest. It is not bitter but sweet. Fruits, shoots, leaves and roots are boiled for food. There are also at least seven commercial cultivars of the Momordica gourds</div> <div>IDENTIFICATION: Momordica charantia: A slender, climbing annual vine to 18 feet with long-stalked leaves and yellow flowers where the leaf meets the stem. Young fruit emerald green turning to orange when ripe. At maturity, fruit splits into three irregular parts that curl backwards showing many reddish-brown or white seeds encased in scarlet arils.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>TIME OF YEAR: Fruit, summer and fall in warm climates, fall in northern climes.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>ENVIRONMENT: Love to climb, found in hammocks, disturbed sites, turf and ornamental landscapes, and citrus groves . It seems to be the most common vine on chain link fences in Florida.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>METHOD OF PREPARATION: None of it ripe except the arils. Boiled green fruit (including seeds) leaves and shoots, boiled twice. Or, cut open and remove seeds and fiber and parboil. &nbsp;Ripe parts toxic are too bitter to eat. &nbsp;(An adult can swallow hole two ripe seed and not have much distress.) Young leaves and shoots are boiled and eaten as a potherb. Flowers used as seasoning.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>HERB BLURB</div> <div>Herbalists say the charantia has long been used to treat diabetes and a host of other ailments from arthritis to jaundice. <p>&nbsp;</p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top"> <h3><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Sowing Instructions</strong></span></h3> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Propagation:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">Seeds</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Pretreat:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">preswollen 2 days in water</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Stratification:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">0</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Sowing Time:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">all year round</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Sowing Depth:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">0,5-1 cm</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Sowing Mix:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">Coir or sowing mix + sand or perlite</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Germination temperature:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">20 - 25° C</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Location:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">bright + keep constantly moist not wet</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Germination Time:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">1-4 weeks</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Watering:</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span style="color: #008000;">Water regularly during the growing season</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"> <p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><br><span style="color: #008000;">Seeds Gallery 05.11.2012.</span></p> <div><span style="color: #008000;">&nbsp;</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>

V 7 (10 S)

5/ 5

<h2><span style="font-size:14pt;"><strong>Fo-ti, He-shou-wu Seeds (Polygonum multiflorum)</strong></span></h2> <h2><span style="font-size:14pt;color:#ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p><em>Polygonum multiflorum</em> (Fo-ti) is a popular herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Commonly known as He shou wu in China and Fo-ti in North America, studies have shown this herb to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, hair loss, hardening of the arteries, and neurodegenerative diseases.</p> <p><strong>What is Fo-Ti?</strong></p> <p><em>Polygonum multiflorum</em> Thunb. (<em>P. multiflorum</em>) or <em>Fallopia maltiflora</em> is officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and is one of the most popular herbs in Chinese medicines [R].</p> <p>In North America, it is commonly known as Fo-ti.</p> <p>It is widely cultivated throughout China and other countries such as Japan, where it grows in valley shrubs, hillside forests, gutter rock crevices and other locations at altitudes of 200-3000 m [R].</p> <p>The plant grows to be 2-4 m tall consisting of a woody tuber, leaves that are 3-7 cm long and arrowhead-shaped, white or greenish-white flowers that are 6-7 mm in diameter and an achene fruit 2.5-3 mm in length [R].</p> <p>Over the years, parts of Fo-ti have been used for different medicinal purposes.</p> <p>The leaves, root tuber, and rhizomes have been used as a tonic in the anti-aging formula while the stem has been used to alleviate insomnia and to help treat diabetes [R].</p> <p><strong>Chemical Constituents of Fo-ti</strong></p> <p>More than 100 chemical compounds have been isolated from Fo-ti, and the most biologically relevant components have been determined to be from the families of stilbenes, quinones, flavonoids, and phospholipids.</p> <p>Processing Fo-ti, as opposed to using the raw herb, influences the amount and type of chemical constituents found in the plant [R, R].</p> <p>The toxicity of processed Fo-ti is lower than that of the crude herb and this may be associated with the decreased levels of some of the components after processing [R].</p> <p>Additionally, processing of Fo-ti resulted in the formation of five new chemicals that were not identified in the crude herb [R].</p> <p>Refer to the technical section for the full names of these new chemicals and for an extensive list of the chemical constituents of Fo-ti view the article by Lin <em>et al.</em> (2015) [R].</p> <p>Two of the best-studied constituents of Fo-ti include 2,3,5,40-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) and emodin.</p> <p><strong>Pharmacokinetics of Fo-ti</strong></p> <p>Only limited data about certain constituents of Fo-ti is available.</p> <p>Rats rapidly absorb TSG into its bodily fluid and quickly eliminated, distributing through the liver and lung but hardly through the blood-brain and blood-testicle barriers [R].</p> <p>Emodin is found primarily in the liver and brain [R].</p> <p><strong>Health Benefits of Fo-ti</strong></p> <p>Fo-ti exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anti-aging, immunologic, neuroprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects.</p> <p>However, few clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the traditional therapeutic claims and to understand the medical potential of its bioactive compounds.</p> <p><strong>Immune-Supporting Effects of Fo-ti</strong></p> <p><strong>1) Anti-inflammatory Effects of Fo-ti</strong></p> <p>TSG and emodin in Fo-ti can decrease inflammation and help with colitis in mouse models by increasing PPAR-gamma and decreasing NF-kB [R, R, R].</p> <p>In mice, A methanol extract of Fo-ti has an anti-inflammatory effect on mouse macrophage cells that are stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (a bacterial toxin from harmful bacteria).</p> <p>This Fo-ti extract inhibited NF-kB activation and thus reduced nitric oxide, COX-2 enzyme, and inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-6 [R].</p> <p>Emodin protects microglia cells in the brain from inflammation due to lipopolysaccharides through AMPK/Nrf2 activation [R].</p> <p><strong>2) Fo-ti Promotes Good Immune Function</strong></p> <p>The sugars (rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, and glucose) and anthraquinone glycosides found within Fo-ti can improve immune response and overall immune system function (immunomodulatory effect).</p> <p>Fo-ti boosts the immune system by increasing the production of T and B cells, and improving the activities of the immune cells, as well as increasing the secretion of the inflammatory tumor necrosis factor.</p> <p>Further, Fo-ti increases the activity of natural killer (NK) cells [R, R].</p> <p><strong>3) Fo-ti May be Effective against MRSA</strong></p> <p>Fo-ti has anti-bacterial activity against methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylocuccus aureus</em> (MRSA) in a cell-based study [R].</p> <p><strong>4) Fo-ti has Antiviral activities</strong></p> <p>Fo-ti exhibited anti-HIV by preventing the virus from entering lymphocytes in a cell-based study [R].</p> <p>Emodin blocks binding of SARS coronavirus human cells in a cell-based study [R].</p> <p><strong>5) Fo-ti May Help with Asthma</strong></p> <p>In a mouse model of asthma, Fo-ti decreases airway allergic symptoms [R].</p> <p><strong>Antioxidant Activities of Fo-ti</strong></p> <p><strong>6) Fo-ti Protects the Liver</strong></p> <p>The anthraquinones and polysaccharides found in Fo-ti<em> </em>protect the liver by reducing inflammation, preventing fat oxidation, and increasing antioxidant effects [R, R].</p> <p>Pre-treating rats with 200 mg/kg water extract of Fo-ti protect the rats against chloroform-induced liver toxicity and significantly reduced plasma ALT (a liver enzyme that indicates liver damage) as well as improved glutathione levels and other oxidative stress markers. However, increasing the dose to 400 mg/kg did not protect the liver against chloroform toxicity, and at 4000 mg/kg, Fo-ti damaged the liver [R].</p> <p><strong>7) Fo-ti May Protect the Bone from Oxidative Stress</strong></p> <p>TSG from Fo-ti extract protects the bone-making cells (osteoblasts) from oxidative damage in a cell-based study, suggesting that TSG may protect against osteoporosis due to oxidative stress [R].</p> <p>Hot water extract of Fo-ti prevents bone loss (osteopenia) from mice with that lose bone mass from having their ovaries removed [R].</p> <p><strong>8) Fo-ti Protects Tissues Oxidation in Diabetes</strong></p> <p>2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside protects against kidney damage from high blood sugar in diabetic mice through SIRT1 and TGF-beta1 pathways [R, R].</p> <p>Stilbene glucoside from Fo-ti inhibits tissue aging due to high blood sugar (formation of advanced glycation end product) [R].</p> <p><strong>Neuroprotective effects of Fo-ti</strong></p> <p><strong>9) Fo-ti May Help with Alzheimer’s Disease</strong></p> <p>In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s, tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside from Fo-ti helps with memory deficit [R].</p> <p>A small Chinese clinical trial found that Fo-ti extract is effective against Alzheimer’s disease [R].</p> <p>Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside helps slow down age-related memory loss in rats [R].</p> <p>In a cell-based study, treatment with a Fo-ti root extract reduced amyloid plaque that can cause Alzheimer‘s disease [R].</p> <p>Emodin, a chemical found in Fo-ti, inhibits the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, which might be how it helps with cognitive function in a similar manner to Huperzine A and some Alzheimer‘s drugs [R].</p> <p><strong>10) Fo-ti May Help with Parkinson’s Disease</strong></p> <p>In mouse models of Parkinson’s Disease, TSG and an ethanol extract of Fo-ti protects dopaminergic neurons from chemical-induced damage [R, R].</p> <p><strong>11) Fo-ti Protects the Brain from Stroke</strong></p> <p>Hexane extracts of Fo-ti can protect against tissue damage following stroke in mice and thus may have clinical applications as a protective agent against neurological injury [R].</p> <p><strong>12) Fo-ti Protects Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity</strong></p> <p>In a cell-based study, Fo-ti protects neuronal cells from the hippocampus against glutamate toxicity, suggesting that it can help with cognitive disorders, especially ones that involve memory loss [R].</p> <p><strong>Fo-ti and Cardiovascular Risks</strong></p> <p><strong>13) Fo-ti Helps Reduces Cholesterol</strong></p> <p>Fo-ti can reduce cholesterol and triglycerides in people with high cholesterol [R, R, R].</p> <p>However, further research is required to understand how Fo-ti helps reduce cholesterol.</p> <p><strong>14) Fo-ti Helps Prevent Hardening of the Arteries</strong></p> <p>TSG<em> </em>can prevent hardening of the arteries by reducing lipid levels in the blood, reduce inflammation and normalize the structure of the blood vessel via a reduction in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes [R].</p> <p><strong>15) Fo-ti has Protective Effects in Blood-Clotting Disorders</strong></p> <p>Thromboembolic (blood-clotting) disorders are caused by loose blood clots that form in a blood vessel and are carried by the bloodstream into another vessel that subsequently becomes blocked.</p> <p>This often happens in the lungs (pulmonary embolism), brain (stroke), gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, or leg. This phenomenon is known as thromboembolism.</p> <p>The chemical 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside isolated from Fo-ti can prevent abnormal blood clotting [R].</p> <p><strong>16) Fo-ti<em> </em>Protects the Heart</strong></p> <p>In rats, TSG protected the heart from squeezing pressure around the abdomen [R].</p> <p>In a heart attack model, Fo-ti stilbene glycoside can protect against cell injury from lack of oxygen or blood flow by increasing the levels of cellular antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the nitric oxide pathways [R].</p> <p><strong>17) Fo-ti Helps with Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome</strong></p> <p>Fo-ti, together with red ginseng, helps with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome by improving high blood pressure, obesity, high blood lipids, inflammation of the blood vessels, and insulin sensitivity [R].</p> <p><strong>Other</strong></p> <p><strong>18) Fo-ti Helps Prevent Cancer</strong></p> <p>These anthraquinones induce apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells and activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways which are abnormal in many human cancers [R, R].</p> <p>Emodin and aloe-emodin can inhibit cell growth (by inhibiting apoptosis) of human cervical cancer cells, human tongue cancer cells, neuroblastoma cells, and melanoma cells [R].</p> <p>It could significantly reduce colon tumor volume and weight in mice [R].</p> <p>Emodin enhanced tumor cell death of gallbladder cancer cells that are injected into mice [R].</p> <p><strong>19) Fo-ti Helps with Insomnia and Sleep Disorders</strong></p> <p>Fo-ti extracts are commonly prescribed in Taiwan for the treatment of insomnia [R].</p> <p>Additionally, although the evidence is insufficient, <em>P. multiflorum</em> may ease the anxiety and insomnia experienced by patients with bipolar disorder [R].</p> <p><strong>20) Fo-ti Helps With Hair Growth</strong></p> <p>Fo-ti has traditionally been used to treat patients suffering from baldness and hair loss throughout East Asia.</p> <p>This traditional use of the herb has been substantiated by a study conducted in mice showing that <em>P. multiflorum</em> extracts promote hair growth by inducing the anagen phase in resting hair follicles [R].</p> <p>Torachrysone-8-O-β-D-glucoside, a compound found in <em>P. multiflorum</em>, can significantly increase the number of dermal papilla cells which play a role in hair growth and hair fiber length [R].</p> <p><strong>Potential Side Effects and Toxicity</strong></p> <p><strong>Liver Toxicity of Fo-ti</strong></p> <p>The best-known toxicity of <em>P. multiflorum</em> is the induction of hepatotoxicity [R]. Hepatotoxicity induced by <em>P. multiflorum </em>can be severe and even result in death.</p> <p>Several cases of hepatotoxicity due to <em>P. multiflorum</em> have been reported in patients from Australia, China, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands and Slovakia who were taking the product for hair loss, chronic prostatitis or to boost the immune system [R, R, R, R].</p> <p>The main chemicals responsible for the hepatotoxicity of <em>P. multiflorum</em> are free anthraquinones such as emodin and physcion [R]. The toxicity of emodin has been detailed by the U.S. National Toxicology Program [R].</p> <p>The hepatotoxicity of the water extract is higher than that of the ethanol and acetone extracts of <em>P. multiflorum</em>. Processing of <em>P. multiflorum</em> also decreased hepatotoxicity [R, R].</p> <p><strong>Kidney and Lung Toxicity of Fo-ti</strong></p> <ol><li><em> multiflorum</em> is also toxic to the kidneys (nephrotoxicity) and the lungs (pulmonary toxicity), particularly after long-term use.</li> <li><em> multiflorum</em> causes embryonic toxicity in mice and may affect embryonic development, suggesting that it may not be safe for pregnant women.</li> </ol><p>Warfarin (prescribed to prevent the formation of blood clots) may interact negatively with <em>P. multiflorum </em>resulting in bone marrow suppression [R].</p> <p><strong>Technical</strong></p> <ul><li>The underlying mechanisms of <em>P. multiflorum </em>may be related to the antioxidant effects of TSG, a decrease of the angiotensin II level, suppression of transforming growth factor-β1 expression, and inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.</li> <li>Cardiac remodeling refers to the changes in size, shape, structure, and function of the heart and is usually a pathological result of an injury to the heart muscle.</li> <li>Several studies have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects of <em>P. multiflorum</em> occur through inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling factors such as nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, chemokines, and cytokines (R, R1).</li> <li>Additionally, other markers of diabetes, including the expression of TGF-β1, COX-2, and SIRT1 genes, were found to significantly improve in TSG-treated diabetic rats [R].</li> <li>Full chemical names for the compounds found in <em>P. multiflorum </em>after processing: 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-one, hydroxymaltol, 5-hydroxym ethyl-furfural, butanedioic acid, and 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-one</li> <li>P. multiflorum boosts the immune system by accelerating the production of T and B lymphocytes, initiating the mixed lymphocyte reaction, improving macrophage phagocytosis, and increasing secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF).</li> </ul><p><strong>Other names for <em>P. multiflorum </em>include:</strong></p> <p>Chinese Cornbind, Chinese Knotweed, Climbing Knotweed, Fallopia multiflora, Flowery Knotweed, Fo Ti Tieng, <strong>Fo-Ti,</strong> He Shou Wu, Ho Shou Wu, Multiflora Preparata, Poligonum, Poligonum Multiflorum, Polygonum,Polygonum Multiflorum Thunberg, Racine de Renouée Multiflore, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Radix Polygoni Shen Min, Renouée, Renouée à Fleurs Nombreuses, Renouée de Chine, Renouée Multiflore, Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb), Rhizoma Polygonata, Shen Min, Shou Wu, Shou Wu Pian, Tuber Fleeceflower, Zhihe Shou Wu, Zi Shou Wu</p>

MHS 110 (5 S)

5/ 5

<h2><strong>Manchu Tubergourd, Wild Potato Seeds (Thladiantha dubia)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p>The perennial climber to 6m (20 ft) long. Frost hardy to zone 6a. This plant creates round tubers (similar to potatoes) and tasty, red fruits (which resemble on Passion Fruit).</p> <p>Very ornamental climber - numerous yellow flowers and red fruits.</p> <p>Very rare plant.</p> <p>Sow the seeds on the surface. Keep moist but not very wet. You can use fungicide to covering the seeds. To creation of fruits there are necessary male and female plants (from the seeds there should grow up both sex) and hand pollinating.</p> <p>Warning: this species has been reported as a rare (but locally very abundantly growing) invasive plant in some countries, for example in the upper Midwest of the United States</p> <p><strong>Wikipedia:</strong></p> <p>Thladiantha dubia, the Manchu tubergourd, goldencreeper, wild potato, or (French) thladianthe douteuse, is a herbaceous perennial climbing vine of the gourd family.[2] It is native to Russia, northern China, and Korea, but has been introduced to Japan,[2] southeast Europe (Austria, Romania, Germany), the Galapagos Islands, and scattered locations in North America (Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Wisconsin).[3][4] It is occasionally grown as a medicinal plant, or as an ornamental in North America (the US and Canada).</p>

P 439 (5 S)