Plant resistant to cold and frost
Chokeberry Seeds (Aronia...
Price
€1.95
(SKU: V 29)
Seeds Gallery EU,
5/
5
<h2><strong>Chokeberry Seeds (Aronia melanocarpa)</strong></h2>
<h2><span style="color: #ff0000;" class=""><strong>Price for Package of 150 seeds.</strong></span></h2>
<p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i><b>Aronia</b></i><span> </span>is a genus of<span> </span>deciduous<span> </span>shrubs, the<span> </span><b>chokeberries</b>, in the family<span> </span>Rosaceae<span> </span>native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.<span> </span>The genus is usually considered to contain two<span> </span>or three<span> </span>species, one of which is<span> </span>naturalized<span> </span>in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>A fourth form that has long been cultivated under the name<span> </span><i>Aronia</i><span> </span>is now considered to be an<span> </span>intergeneric hybrid,<span> </span><i>× Sorbaronia mitschurinii</i>.</p>
<p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Chokeberries are cultivated as<span> </span>ornamental plants<span> </span>and as<span> </span>food products. The sour berries, or<span> </span><b>aronia berries</b>, can be eaten raw off the bush, but are more frequently processed. They can be found in wine, jam, syrup, juice, soft spreads, tea, salsa, extracts, beer, ice cream,<span> </span>gummies, and<span> </span>tinctures.<sup id="cite_ref-Iowa_State_8-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>The name "chokeberry" comes from the<span> </span>astringency<span> </span>of the fruits, which create the sensation of making one's mouth pucker.</p>
<p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Chokeberries are often mistakenly called<span> </span>chokecherries, the<span> </span>common name<span> </span>for<span> </span><i>Prunus virginiana</i>. Further adding to the ambiguity, a<span> </span>variety<span> </span>of<span> </span><i>Prunus virginiana</i><span> </span>is<span> </span><i>melanocarpa</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>and readily confused with black chokeberry because it is commonly referred to as "black chokeberry" or "aronia". Aronia berries and chokecherries both contain<span> </span>polyphenolic<span> </span>compounds, such as<span> </span>anthocyanins, yet the two plants are only distantly related within the Rosaceae.</p>
<h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Identification_and_taxonomy">Identification and taxonomy</span></h2>
<p>The<span> </span>leaves<span> </span>are alternate, simple, and<span> </span>oblanceolate<span> </span>with<span> </span>crenate<span> </span>margins and<span> </span>pinnate<span> </span>venation; in autumn, the leaves turn a bold red color. Dark<span> </span>trichomes<span> </span>are present on the upper midrib surface. The<span> </span>flowers<span> </span>are small, with five<span> </span>petals<span> </span>and five<span> </span>sepals, and produced in<span> </span>corymbs<span> </span>of 10–25 together. The<span> </span>hypanthium<span> </span>is urn-shaped. The fruit is a small<span> </span>pome, with an<span> </span>astringent<span> </span>flavor.</p>
<p><i>Aronia</i><span> </span>has been thought to be closely related to<span> </span><i>Photinia</i>, and has been included in that genus in some classifications,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>but botanist Cornelis Kalkman observed that a combined genus should be under the older name<span> </span><i>Aronia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalkman_11-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>The combined genus contains about 65 species.<sup id="cite_ref-weakley_12-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>In 2004, Kalkman expressed doubt about the<span> </span>monophyly<span> </span>of the combined group, and new molecular studies confirm this.<sup id="cite_ref-Potter_13-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_14-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>They do not place these two genera together or even near one another.</p>
<p>In eastern North America, two well-known species are named after their fruit color, red chokeberry and black chokeberry, plus a purple chokeberry whose origin is a natural hybrid of the two.<sup id="cite_ref-weakley_12-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>A fourth species,<span> </span><i>Aronia mitschurinii</i>, that apparently originated in cultivation, is also known as<span> </span><i>Sorbaronia mitschurinii</i>.<br /><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><br />Tends to be smaller, rarely exceeding 1 m (3ft) tall and 3 m (9.8ft) wide, and spreads readily by root sprouts. The leaves are smaller, not more than 6-cm wide, with terminal glands on leaf teeth and a glabrous underside. The flowers are white, 1.5 cm wide, with glabrous sepals. The fruit is black, 6–9 mm wide, not persisting into winter.<br /></span></p>
<h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Cultivation">Cultivation</span></h2>
<p><i>Aronia</i><span> </span>is considered cold-hardy and heat tolerant in<span> </span>USDA<span> </span>zones 3 to 8.<sup id="cite_ref-usda_17-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>Aronia plants grow well both in<span> </span>orchard-type rows or set as<span> </span>landscape<span> </span>elements, including several varieties in 3 to 12-foot heights.</p>
<h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Products_and_uses">Products and uses</span></h2>
<p>The chokeberries are attractive<span> </span>ornamental plants<span> </span>for gardens. They are naturally understory and woodland edge plants, and grow well when planted under<span> </span>trees. Chokeberries are resistant to drought, insects, pollution, and disease. A number of<span> </span>cultivars, including<span> </span><i>A. arbutifolia</i><span> </span>'Brilliant' and<span> </span><i>A. melanocarpa</i><span> </span>'Autumn magic', have been selected for their striking fall leaf color.</p>
<p>An aronia wine is made in<span> </span>Lithuania<span> </span>and Minnesota. In<span> </span>Poland, aronia berries are added to jams and juices or dried to make a herbal<span> </span>tea<span> </span>sometimes blended with other ingredients, such as<span> </span>blackcurrant.<sup id="cite_ref-mckay_19-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[19]</sup><span> </span>In<span> </span>Bosnia and Herzegovina, the berries are sold fresh and frozen or made into juices, jams and teas.<sup id="cite_ref-Fresh_Fruit_Portal_20-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>Aronia is also used as a<span> </span>flavoring<span> </span>or<span> </span>colorant<span> </span>for beverages or yogurts.<sup id="cite_ref-mckay_19-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[19]</sup><span> </span>Juice from the ripe berries is<span> </span>astringent, semi-sweet (moderate sugar content), sour (low<span> </span>pH), and contains a low level of<span> </span>vitamin C.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>The berries have a tart<span> </span>flavor<span> </span>and, in addition to juice, can be baked into breads.<sup id="cite_ref-mckay_19-2" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[19]</sup><span> </span>In the United States and Canada, aronia<span> </span>juice concentrate<span> </span>is used in manufactured juice blends.</p>
<h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Polyphenol_content">Polyphenol content</span></h3>
<p><i>A. melanocarpa</i><span> </span>(black chokeberry) has attracted scientific interest due to its deep purple, almost black<span> </span>pigmentation<span> </span>that arises from dense contents of<span> </span>polyphenols, especially<span> </span>anthocyanins. Total polyphenol content is 1752 mg per 100 g dry weight,<sup id="cite_ref-Phenol-Explorer_22-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[22]</sup><span> </span>anthocyanin content is 1480 mg per 100 g dry weight, and<span> </span>proanthocyanidin<span> </span>concentration is 664 mg per 100 g fresh weight.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu_23-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[23]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[24]</sup><span> </span>These values are among the highest measured in plants to date. The black aronia species contains higher levels of anthocyanins than purple (<i>Aronia prunifolia</i>) or red aronia (<i>Aronia arbutifolia</i>), whereas red and purple aronia are richer in phenolic acid and proanthocyanins.</p>
<p>The plant produces these pigments mainly in the leaves and skin of the berries to protect the pulp and seeds from constant exposure to<span> </span>ultraviolet radiation<span> </span>and production of<span> </span>free radicals.<sup id="cite_ref-simon_26-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[26]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[27]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[28]</sup><span> </span>By absorbing<span> </span>UV<span> </span>rays in the<span> </span>blue-purple spectrum, leaf and skin pigments filter intense sunlight, serve antioxidant functions and thereby have a role assuring regeneration of the species. Brightly colorful pigmentation also attracts birds and other animals to consume the fruit and disperse the seeds in their droppings.<sup id="cite_ref-simon_26-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup></p>
<p>Analysis of polyphenols in chokeberries has identified the following individual chemicals (among hundreds known to exist in the plant kingdom):<span> </span>cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside,<span> </span>quercetin-3-glycoside,<span> </span>epicatechin,<span> </span>caffeic acid,<span> </span>delphinidin,<span> </span>petunidin,<span> </span>pelargonidin,<span> </span>peonidin, and<span> </span>malvidin.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu_23-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid23941506_25-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>All these except caffeic acid are members of the<span> </span>flavonoid<span> </span>category of phenolics.</p>
<p>For reference to phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and similar plant-derived phytochemicals,<sup id="cite_ref-Phenol-Explorer_22-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span> </span>Wikipedia has a<span> </span>list of phytochemicals and foods in which they are prominent.</p>
<p><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"></span><br /><br /></p>
<div>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" valign="top" width="100%">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Sowing Instructions</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Propagation:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">Seeds</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Pretreat:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">soak in water for 8- 12 hours </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Stratification:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">1 months in moist sowing mix at 2-5 ° C refrigerator</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Sowing Time:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">all year round</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Sowing Depth:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">1 cm</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Sowing Mix:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">Coir or sowing mix + sand or perlite</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Germination temperature:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">20 ° C</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Location:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">bright + keep constantly moist not wet</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Germination Time:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">2-8 weeks</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong>Watering:</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><span style="color: #008000;">Water regularly during the growing season</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap">
<p><span style="color: #008000;"><strong> </strong></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p><br /><span style="color: #008000;"><em>Copyright © 2012 Seeds Gallery - Saatgut Galerie - Galerija semena. </em><em>All Rights Reserved.</em><em></em></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Genus: Aronia</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Species: melanocarpa</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Common Name: Black Chokeberry</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Other Name: Chokeberry, Gueles Noires</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Pre-treatment: required</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Zone Hardiness Cold: 3</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Zone Hardiness warm: 8</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Plant Type: Small Shrub</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Growth rate: medium</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Vegetation type: deciduous</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">Leaf /Flower color: Green/White</div>
</div>
<script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>
29 (150 S)